{"id":15329,"date":"2020-05-28T13:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T10:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/?p=15329"},"modified":"2022-11-14T10:47:49","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T07:47:49","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/2020\/05\/28\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\nCongressional Research Service, U.S.<\/p>\n

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\n

[1]<\/a> Dimitar Bechev, Rival Power: Russia in Southeast Europe. <\/em>Yale University Press. 2017. Chapter 5.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Russian gas transit down 40% in Jan-April, says Ukraine\u2019s gas transmission operator. TASS, 4 May 2020. https:\/\/tass.com\/economy\/1152973<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Rival Power<\/em>, Chapter 7.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> For further technical details, see Julian Bowden. SE gas markets: towards integration, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, October 2019, pp. 12-17. https:\/\/www.oxfordenergy.org\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/SE-Europe-gas-markets-towards-integration-NG-150.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Bulgaria signs up Saudi-led group for TurkStream gas pipeline extension, Reuters<\/em>, 18 September 2019. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-bulgaria-gas\/bulgaria-signs-up-saudi-led-group-for-turkstream-gas-pipeline-extension-idUSKBN1W31E7<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19.  
\nBolgariia namerena dostroit\u2019 gazoprovod \u201cBalkanskii potok\u201d k koncu goda. EurAsia Daily,<\/em> 28 April 2020. https:\/\/eadaily.com\/ru\/news\/2020\/04\/28\/bolgariya-namerena-dostroit-gazoprovod-balkanskiy-potok-k-koncu-goda<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Bulgartransgaz raises 200 mln euros for TurkStream gas pipeline, Reuters<\/em>, 23 October 2020. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/bulgaria-gas-loan\/bulgartransgaz-raises-200-mln-euros-for-turkstream-gas-pipeline-idUSL5N278212<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Total inflow to Turkish gas system down 6.33% in 2019. Daily Sabah,<\/em> 5 January 2020. https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/energy\/2020\/01\/05\/total-inflow-to-turkish-gas-system-down-633-in-2019<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Turkey cuts gas imports from Russia by 35%, Reuters<\/em>, 14 February 2020. https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL8N2AE317<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Russian gas exports to Greece in decline. Kathimerini<\/em>, 8 September 2019. https:\/\/www.ekathimerini.com\/244294\/article\/ekathimerini\/business\/russian-gas-exports-to-greece-in-decline<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Ekaterina Kravtsova, Russian exports to Turkey, Southeast Europe squeezed by LNG, Azeri gas, Reuters,  6 September 2020. https:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/us-lng-europe-russia-analysis\/russian-exports-to-turkey-southeast-europe-squeezed-by-lng-azeri-gas-idUKKCN1VR0KI<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Electricity demand in Turkey \u2018alarmingly\u2019 low: association. Hurriyet Daily News<\/em>, 25 April 2020.  https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/electricity-demand-in-turkey-alarmingly-low-association-154176<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Eser Ozdil, How Turkey Benefits from Global LNG Glut, Atlantic Council, 7 May 2020 https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/turkeysource\/how-turkey-benefits-from-global-lng-glut\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Turkey offers opportunity for US LNG. Petroleum Economist<\/em>, 15 April 2020. https:\/\/www.petroleum-economist.com\/articles\/midstream-downstream\/lng\/2020\/turkey-offers-opportunity-for-us-lng<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Turkey to leverage strengthened LNG infrastructure in gas trade. Daily Sabah<\/em>, 22 March 2019. https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/energy\/2019\/03\/22\/turkey-to-leverage-strengthened-lng-infrastructure-in-gas-trade<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Stuart Elliott. Low LNG prices lead to major shift in Greek gas market dynamics, S&P Global<\/em> Platts<\/em>, 21 April 2020. https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/natural-gas\/042120-low-lng-prices-lead-to-major-shift-in-greek-gas-market-dynamics-depa<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Bulgargaz \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 DEPA \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.  <\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Bulgaria to buy 20% state in Greek LNG terminal, Reuters, <\/em>8 January 2020 https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-bulgaria-greece-lng\/bulgaria-to-buy-20-stake-in-greek-lng-terminal-idUSKBN1Z71JP<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Stuart Elliot. Greece\u2019s Gastrade extends deadline for Alexandroupolis LNG capacity bids, S&P Global<\/em> Platts<\/em>, 25 February 2020.  https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/natural-gas\/022520-greeces-gastrade-extends-deadline-for-alexandroupolis-lng-capacity-bids<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Todd Prince. Bulgaria, US express cooperation on Black Sea defense, energy diversification. RFE\/RL<\/em>, 26 November 2019.  https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/bulgaria-u-s-express-cooperation-on-black-sea-defense-energy-diversification\/30292186.html<\/a> ; See Kyriakos Mitsotakis\u2019 speech at the Atlantic Council in Washington, D.C., 7 January 2020. https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?467889-1\/greek-prime-minister-atlantic-council<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Turkey and Azerbaijan mark completion of TANAP pipeline to take gas to Europe. Reuters<\/em>, 30 November 2019 https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-turkey-energy-tanap\/turkey-and-azerbaijan-mark-completion-of-tanap-pipeline-to-take-gas-to-europe-idUSKBN1Y40CP<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Further on TANAP and TAP, see Ole Gunnar Austvik and Gulmira Rzayeva. Turkey in the Geopolitics of Natural Gas, Working Paper, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School, September 2016. https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/centers\/mrcbg\/files\/66_final.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Ruslan Rehimov, Azerbaycan’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye do\u011fal gaz ihracat\u0131 artt\u0131m, Anatolian Agency, 15 April 2020 https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/dunya\/azerbaycandan-turkiyeye-dogal-gaz-ihracati-artti\/1806095<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Julian Bowden. SE Europe gas markets. op.cit<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> David O\u2019Byrne. Commodities 2020: Turkish gas market promising further changes in 2020. S&P Global<\/em> Platts<\/em>, 31 December 2019. https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/natural-gas\/123119-commodities-2020-turkish-gas-market-promising-further-changes-in-2020<\/a><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> David O\u2018Byrne. Turkey eyes spot LNG as tool in price talks with long-term exporters. S&P Global<\/em> Platts<\/em>,13 February 2020 https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/platts\/en\/market-insights\/latest-news\/natural-gas\/021320-turkey-eyes-spot-lng-as-tool-in-price-talks-with-long-term-exporters<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Serbia\u2019s TurkStream branch to impede competition \u2013 EU watchdog. Reuters<\/em>, 7 March 2019. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/serbia-gas-turkstream\/serbias-turkstream-branch-to-impede-competition-eu-watchdog-idUSL5N20U3CP<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>  \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2019 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645 2 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.
\nTimothy Gardner. Bill imposing sanctions on companies building Russian gas pipeline head to the White House, Reuters<\/em>, 17 December 2019.  https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-defense-congress-nord-stream\/bill-imposing-sanctions-on-companies-building-russian-gas-pipeline-heads-to-white-house-idUSKBN1YL2EP<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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