{"id":2412,"date":"2016-07-14T12:09:22","date_gmt":"2016-07-14T09:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sharqforum.org\/?p=2412&lang=ar"},"modified":"2022-02-20T13:38:35","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T10:38:35","slug":"%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/2016\/07\/14\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a “\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629” \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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“\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u064c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u064c \u0648\u063a\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u064c \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621”.<\/p>\n

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\n“\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a”.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a “\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
    \n
  • \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
    \n
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    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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