{"id":28133,"date":"2021-06-29T13:50:05","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T10:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/?p=28133"},"modified":"2022-02-22T14:45:48","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T11:45:48","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/2021\/06\/29\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f 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name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0650\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u064f\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064c\u0651 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> See, A row over rocks If you want Gibraltar, says Morocco to Spain, why can&#8217;t we have some rocks?, the Economist, 20-07-2002,visited:10-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/europe\/2002\/07\/18\/a-row-over-rocks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/europe\/2002\/07\/18\/a-row-over-rocks<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> See, Affaire Brahim Ghali : Faisant fi des droits des victimes, la justice espagnole se plie aux exigences de l\u2019Ex\u00e9cutif ,visited&nbsp;: 03-06-2021, https:\/\/lematin.ma\/journal\/2021\/affaire-brahim-ghali-parodie-justice\/359391.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> See, Polisario leader in court in Spain: what we know ,visited: 05-06-2021 , https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/live-news\/20210530-polisario-leader-in-court-in-spain-what-we-know<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> See, Polisario Front leader Ghali served with Spanish court summons in war crime case, visited: 05-06-2021, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/spain-high-court-issues-war-crime-case-summons-against-polisario-front-leader-2021-05-19\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> See, Polisario Front leader Ghali plans to leave Spain soon &#8211; El Pais , 03-06-2021, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/spain-morocco-polisario-idUSE8N2J901Z<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> See, Proclamation on Recognizing The Sovereignty Of The Kingdom Of Morocco Over The Western Sahara ,visited: 01-02-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/ma.usembassy.gov\/proclamation-on-recognizing-the-sovereignty-of-the-kingdom-of-morocco-over-the-western-sahara\/#:~:text=Therefore%2C%20as%20of%20today%2C%20the,over%20the%20Western%20Sahara%20territory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ma.usembassy.gov\/proclamation-on-recognizing-the-sovereignty-of-the-kingdom-of-morocco-over-the-western-sahara\/#:~:text=Therefore%2C%20as%20of%20today%2C%20the,over%20the%20Western%20Sahara%20territory<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> Morten Heiberg ,ibid ,P:190<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> See, Spain \u201ca winner\u201d with 2003 Iraq War, claims ex-PM Aznar in a letter ,visited: 10-06-2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/english.elpais.com\/elpais\/2015\/11\/02\/inenglish\/1446459351_559049.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/english.elpais.com\/elpais\/2015\/11\/02\/inenglish\/1446459351_559049.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> See, Spain: No combat role in Iraq war , 11-06-2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2003\/WORLD\/meast\/03\/18\/sprj.irq.spain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2003\/WORLD\/meast\/03\/18\/sprj.irq.spain\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> See, Moron Air Force Base Moron De La Frontera, SPAIN ,visited: 30-05-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/militarybases.com\/overseas\/spain\/moron\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/militarybases.com\/overseas\/spain\/moron\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> See, Naval Station Rota Naval Base in Rota, SPAIN, visited: 30-05-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/militarybases.com\/overseas\/spain\/rota\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/militarybases.com\/overseas\/spain\/rota\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> Gabriel Gr\u00e9sillon,Le vent tourne dans la relation entre l\u2019Europe et la Chine,Les Echoes, 06-05-2021,NO: 23447,p:06.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> Ralf F\u00fccks,Die vertrackte Russland-Mischung,FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG,15-02-2021,Nr. 38 \/ 7 R 0,p:09<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> See, Philani Mthembu, Faith Mabera, Africa-China Cooperation Towards an African Policy on China?, Springer,2021, and Rhys Jenkins, How China is Reshaping the Global Economy Development Impacts in Africa and Latin America, Oxford University Press,2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> see,China&#8217;s economic loss could be Morocco&#8217;s gain,DW,15-07-2020,visited:15-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/chinas-economic-loss-could-be-moroccos-gain\/a-54185645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/chinas-economic-loss-could-be-moroccos-gain\/a-54185645<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> Jasper Hamann,Rumors Of US Base Move to Morocco Startle Spanish Media,Morocco world news,07- 06- 2021 1, visited: 10-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2021\/01\/331213\/rumors-of-us-base-move-to-morocco-startle-spanish-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2021\/01\/331213\/rumors-of-us-base-move-to-morocco-startle-spanish-media<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> see,African Lion 21 exercise kicks off in Morocco, Tunisia, Senegal, US Embassy and Cconsultes in Morcco,07-06-2021,visited:10-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/ma.usembassy.gov\/african-lion-21-exercise-kicks-off-in-morocco-tunisia-senegal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ma.usembassy.gov\/african-lion-21-exercise-kicks-off-in-morocco-tunisia-senegal\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> Isambard Wilkinson,Spain snubs US war games in Africa because of dispute with Morocco over Western Sahara, The Sunday Times,31-05-2021,visited:01-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/spain-snubs-us-war-games-in-africa-because-of-dispute-with-morocco-over-western-sahara-jpkgmjctm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/spain-snubs-us-war-games-in-africa-because-of-dispute-with-morocco-over-western-sahara-jpkgmjctm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> ANDREW RESTUCCIA,MAX COLCHESTER, G-7 Gathers, With Focus on Pandemic, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, 12 &#8211; 13, 2021, VOL:277,NO: 136,p:A8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> ANDREW RESTUCCIA,MAX COLCHESTER,ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" name=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> See, Human rights breaches at the Spanish\/Moroccan border, in Russia, and in Sri Lanka,visited:10-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20210604IPR05533\/human-rights-breaches-at-the-spanish-moroccan-border-in-russia-and-in-sri-lanka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20210604IPR05533\/human-rights-breaches-at-the-spanish-moroccan-border-in-russia-and-in-sri-lanka<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" name=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> Richard S. Katz , Bernhard Wessels, The European Parliament, the National Parliaments, and European Integration, Oxford University Press,1999,p:06<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" name=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a> ibid,p:64<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref24\" name=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a> See, EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT&#8217;S RESOLUTION DOES NOT CHANGE POLITICAL NATURE OF BILATERAL CRISIS BETWEEN MOROCCO AND SPAIN ,visited: 11-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diplomatie.ma\/en\/european-parliaments-resolution-does-not-change-political-nature-bilateral-crisis-between-morocco-and-spain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.diplomatie.ma\/en\/european-parliaments-resolution-does-not-change-political-nature-bilateral-crisis-between-morocco-and-spain<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref25\" name=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a> See, Arab, African Parliaments Take Stand Against EU in Support Of Morocco ,visited:11-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2021\/06\/342845\/arab-african-parliaments-take-stand-against-eu-in-support-of-morocco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moroccoworldnews.com\/2021\/06\/342845\/arab-african-parliaments-take-stand-against-eu-in-support-of-morocco<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref26\" name=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 11 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: http:\/\/www.ar-pr.org\/index.php\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1\/3097-morocatarea<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref27\" name=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 09-06-2021\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.finances.gov.ma\/ar\/Pages\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.finances.gov.ma\/ar\/Pages\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref28\" name=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a> CRISTINA GALLARDO,Spain seeks to increase diplomatic and economic ties in Africa,POLITICO,29-03-2021,visited:03-05-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/spain-diplomacy-economic-ties-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/spain-diplomacy-economic-ties-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref29\" name=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a> Albert Carreras,Xavier Tafunell,Between Empire and Globalization An Economic History of Modern Spain,Springer,2021,P:290<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref30\" name=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a> See, Focus Africa 2023 ,visited: 01-06-2021, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Portal\/es\/SalaDePrensa\/ElMinisterioInforma\/Documents\/ENG%20RES%20EJECUTIVO%20FOCO%20AFRICA%202023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Portal\/es\/SalaDePrensa\/ElMinisterioInforma\/Documents\/ENG%20RES%20EJECUTIVO%20FOCO%20AFRICA%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref31\" name=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a> Hidaya EL Khattabi, Mohamed Karim , Impact of Morocco-ECOWAS Economic Relations on Economic Growth in Morocco: An Analysis Using the ARDL Model , International Journal of Economics and Finance; Vol. 10, No. 5; 2018 , Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education ,p:106<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref32\" name=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a> Hidaya EL Khattabi, Mohamed Karim ,Ibid,P:107<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref33\" name=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a> See, Spain targets Africa in boost of diplomatic, business ties,AP, 29-03-2021,visited:13-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/europe-ghana-madrid-africa-senegal-d0071bca9dd66986684bedadc1a06985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/europe-ghana-madrid-africa-senegal-d0071bca9dd66986684bedadc1a06985<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref34\" name=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.attijariwafabank.com\/fr\/profil\/investisseur\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.attijariwafabank.com\/fr\/profil\/investisseur<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref35\" name=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 BMCE \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 BANC OF AFRICA\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 2016-2020 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 305 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofafrica.ma\/fr\/bank-of-africa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bankofafrica.ma\/fr\/bank-of-africa<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref36\" name=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a> Hidaya EL Khattabi, Mohamed Karim ,Ibid,P:108<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref37\" name=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 37.17 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.73.211 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 1393\u0647\u0640 (2 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1973\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 38.17 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.81 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 9 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diplomatie.ma\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.diplomatie.ma\/ar\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref38\" name=\"_edn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a 7 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640 6 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref39\" name=\"_edn39\">[39]<\/a> see,United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,UN,visited: 10-10-2010, <a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXI-6&amp;chapter=21&amp;Temp=mtdsg3&amp;clang=_fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/Pages\/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXI-6&amp;chapter=21&amp;Temp=mtdsg3&amp;clang=_fr<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref40\" name=\"_edn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.81.179 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1981 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 200 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 31 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/adala.justice.gov.ma\/production\/html\/Ar\/42967.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adala.justice.gov.ma\/production\/html\/Ar\/42967.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref41\" name=\"_edn41\">[41]<\/a> Abdelkader Lahlou, \u00abLes principes \u00e9quitables dans la d\u00e9limitation des espaces maritimes sur la fa\u00e7ade atlantique\u00bb, in Les Implications juridiques de la ratification de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, op. cit., p. 182.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref42\" name=\"_edn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a -\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0640 10 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015- \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref43\" name=\"_edn43\">[43]<\/a> See,Tanger Med , visited: 03-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tmpa.ma\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tmpa.ma\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref44\" name=\"_edn44\">[44]<\/a> See,UN, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) Outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines: Submissions to the Commission: Submission by the Kingdom of Spain ,visited: 10-05-2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/los\/clcs_new\/submissions_files\/submission_esp_47_2009.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/los\/clcs_new\/submissions_files\/submission_esp_47_2009.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref45\" name=\"_edn45\">[45]<\/a> see,La reuni\u00f3n entre S\u00e1nchez y Biden se queda en un breve encuentro de pasillo en la cumbre de la OTAN,rtve,14-06-2021,visited,15-06-2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtve.es\/noticias\/20210614\/sanchez-biden-tienen-este-lunes-su-primer-contacto-crisis-marroqui-aranceles-fondo\/2103282.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rtve.es\/noticias\/20210614\/sanchez-biden-tienen-este-lunes-su-primer-contacto-crisis-marroqui-aranceles-fondo\/2103282.shtml<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":238,"featured_media":28135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[84],"tags":[17724,17732,17781,17782,17783,17784,17785,17786],"asf_pub_issue":[],"asf_pub_region":[10322,10324],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/238"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28133"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30754,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28133\/revisions\/30754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28133"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=28133"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=28133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}