{"id":38176,"date":"2025-01-27T19:07:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T16:07:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2025\/02\/03\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2025-02-07T16:08:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-07T13:08:18","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/2025\/01\/27\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82-%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (SDF)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a (PKK) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 (YPG). \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 [vi].<\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0650\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 (DEM)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f \u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a”\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a [x] \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 “\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0636\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 [xi] \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (AKP)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a (CHP)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 (DEM) \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (SDF).<\/p>\n

\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 [xii]. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a (KDP) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 [xiii]  \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a (\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 KDP) \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a (PYD)\/\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (SDF) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 [xiv] \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (KCK)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n

[i] Erdo\u011fan: We instructed governors not to carry out military operations amid PKK dialogue (\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a), H\u00fcrriyet Daily News, September 17, 2015, https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/erdogan-we-instructed-governors-not-to-carry-out-military-operations-amid-pkk-dialogue-88617<\/a><\/p>\n

[ii] Handshake with DEM Party shows ‘national unity’: Bah\u00e7eli (\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629”: \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0634\u0644\u064a) H\u00fcrriyet Daily News, October 8, 2024, https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/handshake-with-dem-party-shows-national-unity-bahceli-201341<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[iii] Operation Deterrence of Aggression: Opposition Forces Redraw the Map in Northern Syria (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627), The Syrian Observer, November 30, 2024, https:\/\/syrianobserver.com\/syrian-actors\/operation-deterrence-of-aggression-opposition-forces-redraw-the-map-in-northern-syria.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[iv] Mehmet Emin Cengiz, December 8th, 2024: A Full-Fledged Popular Revolution in Syria (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2024: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627), Al Sharq Strategic Research, December 12, 2024, https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2024\/12\/12\/december-8th-2024-a-full-fledged-popular-revolution-in-syria\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[v] koyun, Erdogan to invite Assad for talks to restore Turkey-Syria ties (\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627), Reuters, July 7, 2024 https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/erdogan-invite-assad-talks-restore-turkey-syria-ties-2024-07-07\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[vi] Hogir Abdo and Stella Martany, Conflict between Turkey and Kurdish groups rises around key dam in northern Syria (\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627), Associated Press (AP) News, January 9, 2025, https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/syria-turkey-kurds-sdf-tishrin-dam-71f958b405bed575dc20942b8393e89b<\/a><\/p>\n

[vii] Russian forces withdraw to Tartus in northern Syria (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627) ,Sky News, December 16, 2024 https:\/\/news.sky.com\/video\/russian-forces-withdraw-to-tartus-in-northern-syria-13275132<\/a><\/p>\n

[viii] Howard Altman, U.S. Reportedly Setting Up New Base in Northern Syria (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631), The War Zone, January 2, 2025, .com\/news-features\/u-s-reportedly-setting-up-new-base-in-northern-syria<\/a><\/p>\n

[ix] AANES adopts flag of Syrian revolution (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629), Enab Baladi, December 12, 2024, https:\/\/english.enabbaladi.net\/archives\/2024\/12\/aanes-adopts-flag-of-syrian-revolution\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[x Bah\u00e7eli calls for imprisoned PKK leader to speak in parliament (\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0634\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646), Bianet English, October 22, 2024, link<\/a>. https:\/\/bianet.org\/haber\/bahceli-calls-for-imprisoned-pkk-leader-to-speak-in-parliament-300976<\/a><\/p>\n

[xi] Chenar Chalak, Ocalan \u2018ready to make the call\u2019: DEM Party (\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 “\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621”: \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629),The New Region, December 29, 2024 https:\/\/thenewregion.com\/posts\/1342\/ocalan-ready-to-make-the-call-dem-party<\/a><\/p>\n

[xii] Mazlum Abdi Calls for Diplomatic Solutions with Turkey Amid Ongoing Talks with Syrian Regime (\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a), The Syrian Observer, October 31, 2024, https:\/\/syrianobserver.com\/syrian-actors\/mazlum-abdi-calls-for-diplomatic-solutions-with-turkey-amid-ongoing-talks-with-syrian-regime.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[xiii]  President Masoud Barzani, SDF Commander Mazloum Abdi emphasize Kurdish unity (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a), Kurdistan 24, January 17, 2024, https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/820155\/president-masoud-barzani-sdf-commander-mazloum-abdi-emphasize-kurdish-unity<\/a><\/p>\n

[xiv] President Barzani’s Envoy Meets SDF Commander in Syria to Discuss Kurdish Unity (\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a), Kurdistan 24, January 13, 2025, https:\/\/www.kurdistan24.net\/en\/story\/819639\/president-barzanis-envoy-meets-sdf-commander-in-syria-to-discuss-kurdish-unity<\/a><\/p>\n

[xv] Peter Beaumont and Ruth Michaelson, Terror attack blamed as five killed and 22 wounded at Turkish aerospace firm (\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 22 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629), The Guardian, October 23, 2024, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2024\/oct\/23\/turkey-ankara-attack-explosion-aerospace-company-tusas<\/a><\/p>\n

[xvi] Turkish gov\u2019t appoints trustees to oust 3 Kurdish mayors (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f) ,Duvar English, November 4, 2024 https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/turkish-govt-appoints-trustees-to-oust-3-kurdish-mayors-news-65200<\/a><\/p>\n

[xvii] K\u00fcrt sorunu benim sorunum’ (“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u064a”) H\u00fcrriyet, August 12, 2005, https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/kurt-sorunu-benim-sorunum-341847<\/a><\/p>\n

[xvii] Hugh Pope, Turkey, Syria and Saving the PKK Peace Process (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a) International Crisis Group, December 10, 2014, https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/europe-central-asia\/western-europemediterranean\/turkey\/turkey-syria-and-saving-pkk-peace-process<\/a><\/p>\n

[xix] Tom Stevenson, Ocalan stops short of disarming PKK (\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a), Middle East Eye, March 21, 2015, link<\/a>. https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/ocalan-stops-short-disarming-pkk<\/a><\/p>\n

[xx] The Turkish opposition parties initially tried to depict the recent peace process as President Erdo\u011fan\u2019s attempt to create a conducive environment for his reelection in the next Presidential elections. However, the developments in Gaza and Syria decreased the intensity of such claims. (\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.)<\/p>\n<\/div>

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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":38152,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10318],"asf_pub_region":[10320,17600,18943,18958],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38176"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38176"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38217,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38176\/revisions\/38217"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38176"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=38176"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=38176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}