{"id":38331,"date":"2025-04-18T15:46:01","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T12:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/?p=38331"},"modified":"2025-04-18T15:46:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T12:46:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/2025\/04\/18\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/b><\/p>\n

1-<\/span>  <\/span><\/i>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a (14\/ \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \/1435\u0647\u0640) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 (13\/6\/2014\u0645) – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 – \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0638\u0644\u0647). (n.d.). <\/span><\/i>https:\/\/www.sistani.org\/arabic\/archive\/24918\/<\/span><\/i><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 1\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648. \u0627. (n.d.). <\/span>\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641.. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/i>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. <\/span>https:\/\/www.ina.iq\/210845–.html<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 1\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4- \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, C. (2024, December 14). \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. <\/span>CNN Arabic<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/arabic.cnn.com\/middle-east\/article\/2024\/12\/14\/blinken-asked-iraqi-pm-to-crack-down-iran-backed-militias<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 1\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5- <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u00ab\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634\u00bb: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/i>. (n.d.). The Washington Institute. <\/span>https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/ar\/policy-analysis\/almrkt-dd-dash-almylyshyat-alshyyt-wmsay-althalf-aldwly<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 1\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6- \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. (2021, June 1). <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u201d – \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/ar\/documents\/mde14\/5386\/2017\/ar\/<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 1\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7- BBC News \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. (2017, January 5). <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast-38519660<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 1\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

8- <\/span>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/i>. (n.d.). The Washington Institute. <\/span>https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/ar\/policy-analysis\/alan-hshd-altbat-almqdst-syghyr-qwad-allbt-fy-alraq<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 2\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

9- \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0631\u062c\u064a, \u0639. \u0648. (2020, March 9). “\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646” \u0648”\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646”.. \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f). <\/span>\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a21<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/1251154\/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 2\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

11- \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 98 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n

12 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631: <\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/span><\/i>. (n.d.). <\/span>https:\/\/alssaa.com\/post\/show\/8654<\/span><\/a>  \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 2\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

13- Foltyn, Simona (2023) <\/span>Protectors of the state? The Popular Mobilisation Forces during the 2022 post-election crisis.<\/span><\/i> LSE Middle East Centre paper series (65). Middle East Centre, LSE, London, UK. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

14-<\/span> \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/span><\/i>. (2025, February 2). [Video]. \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643. Retrieved February 3, 2025, from <\/span>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AFAQTv2021\/videos\/4180945128795003\/<\/span><\/a>  \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 3\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

15- \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631. (2025, January 25). <\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0628: \u0633\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0640.\u0640\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0640.\u0640\u062a\u0640.\u0640\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/i> [Video]. YouTube. <\/span>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kKP0oG9sEVE<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 3\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: <\/span>\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 2023 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/i>. (2025, January 19). [Video]. \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643. <\/span>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/?v=1132057135139401<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 3\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

16- BBC News\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. (2024, December 25). <\/span>\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 – \u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/articles\/cvgpxg8j73po \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 3\/2\/2025<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

17- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c ((Drnaeemyasir. (18February 2025). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a. [Tweet] . Twitter <\/span>https:\/\/x.com\/Drnaeemyasir\/status\/1887977310038732897<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 18\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

18- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631, \u0625. (2022, July 31). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621. <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/www.alhurra.com\/different-angle\/2022\/07\/31\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1<\/span><\/a>  \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 7\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

19- \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/i>. (n.d.). The Washington Institute. <\/span>https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/ar\/policy-analysis\/hl-sysbh-alhshd-alshby-fy-alraq-wrqt-llmsawmt-alsyast<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 7\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

20- Alsumaria.Tv. (2025, January 6). \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061f. <\/span>\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/www.alsumaria.tv\/news\/security\/511956\/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%9F<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 7\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

21- Galbraith, P. W. (2008). <\/span>The end of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End<\/span><\/i>. Simon and Schuster.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

22- <\/span>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u061f<\/span><\/i>. (n.d.). \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. <\/span>https:\/\/tisri.org\/?id=bl04gvqy<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 7\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

23- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a, \u0639. \u0639. (2024, December 23). \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a”\u061f. <\/span>\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a21<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>https:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/1649645\/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A<\/span><\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 7\/2\/2025<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a 13 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2014\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":322,"featured_media":38332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[80,84],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10304],"asf_pub_region":[10320,17589],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38331"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/322"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38331"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38340,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38331\/revisions\/38340"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38331"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=38331"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=38331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}