{"id":9195,"date":"2018-02-20T14:51:57","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T11:51:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/?p=9195"},"modified":"2019-01-22T13:14:00","modified_gmt":"2019-01-22T10:14:00","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/ar\/2018\/02\/20\/%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629\u064b: \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 23.9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1)[3<\/a>]. \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629[4<\/a>]\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u064f\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064d. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2009 \u06482017 (\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n2009<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\n2011<\/td>\n2012<\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n2015<\/td>\n2016<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n22.7<\/td>\n26.2<\/td>\n29.9<\/td>\n33.3<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n31.2<\/td>\n23.9<\/td>\n16.8<\/td>\n22.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n19.5<\/td>\n21.6<\/td>\n23.95<\/td>\n26.6<\/td>\n25.3<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n20.3<\/td>\n15.1<\/td>\n19.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n3.2<\/td>\n4.6<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n6.7<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n5.9<\/td>\n3.6<\/td>\n1.7<\/td>\n2.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a (www.tuik.gov.tr<\/a>)<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n2015<\/td>\n2016<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n27.3<\/td>\n26.6<\/td>\n24.76<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]O chem dogovorilis\u2019 Putin i<\/p>\n

an, RBC, 10 March 2017 http:\/\/rbc.ru\/politics\/10\/03\/2017\/58c2782c9a7947fd6384f4e8<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Putin attended the World Energy Congress in Istanbul on 10 October 2016. Erdo\u011fan came to Moscow on 10 March and to Sochi on 4 May 2017. The two leaders met on the sidelines of the G20 summits in Hangzhou, China (4-5 September 2016) and Hamburg (7-8 July 2017).<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> TASS, Russia-Turkey trade down 32% in 2016, 3 May 2017. http:\/\/tass.com\/economy\/944373<\/p>\n

See also Mehmet \u00c7eting\u00fcle\u00e7. Can Turkey-Russia trade reach $100 billion target?, Al Monitor, 22 August 2016.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Starting from 1 January 2016, the Russian Federation government prohibited the import of Turkish grapes, apples, pears, strawberries, tomatoes, onions and shallots, cauliflower, broccoli, cucumbers, poultry meat, salt, and cloves.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Russia lifts ban on charter flights to Turkey, airlines start submitting requests, RT, 28 August 2016, https:\/\/www.rt.com\/business\/357469-turkey-charter-ban-lifted\/ According to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, a total of 928, 376 tourists from the Russian Federation visited Turkey in the first five months of 2017, compared to just 138,871 over the same period in 2016. Russian tourists top list of foreign visitors coming to Turkey, Anatolian Agency, 17 July 2017. Traditionally, Russians represent the second largest group of tourists after Germans. However, their number started shrinking as early as the summer of 2015 (3.65 million, compared to an all-time peak of 4.5 million in 2014), owing to terrorist attacks. H\u00fcrriyet Daily News, 28 February 2017.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> The decision was followed up by a decree by the food safety watchdog Rospotrebnadzor allowing Turkish Iceberg salad, green leaf lettuce, zucchini, pumpkins and pepper as of 1 September 2017. , Russia had allowed the import of oranges, tangerines, apricots, peaches and plums on 9 October 2016.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Putin \u2018removes restrictions on operations of Turkish firms in Russia\u2019, H\u00fcrriyet Daily News, 31 May 2017, http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/putin-removes-restrictions-on-operations-of-turkish-firms-in-russia.aspx?pageID=238&nID=113760&NewsCatID=344<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> SMI uznali o vyhode agroholidnga sem\u2019I Tkacheva na moskovskii rynok, RBK, 3 July 2017. http:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/business\/03\/07\/2017\/5959a7a19a79472b441e772d<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Tkachev otverg vozmozhnost\u2019 vozvrata turetskih pomitorov v Rossiyu, Lenta, 7 August 2017, https:\/\/lenta.ru\/news\/2017\/08\/07\/turktomato\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Tkachev dopustil prekrashchenie sel\u2019hozpostavok v Turtsiyu. RBK, 22 March 2017.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.rbc.ru\/economics\/22\/03\/2017\/58d2bace9a794720439540f1<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Ekaterina Katkova, Medvedev priedet iz Turtsii bez pomidorov, Gazeta.ru, 22 May 2017 https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/business\/2017\/05\/22\/10686149.shtml#page2; Mehmet \u00c7eting\u00fcle\u00e7, Tomato ban reveals lingering problems between Russia, Turkey, Al Monitor, 15 May 2017 http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2017\/05\/turkey-russia-tomato-crisis.html#ixzz4lJryQ8RD<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Yet Russia has been dropping hints it is open to negotiation. Russia could discuss easing Turkish tomato ban \u2013minister, Reuters, 1 June 2017. http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/russia-economic-forum-turkey-idUSL8N1IY3BL<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Turkey restarts tomato exports as Russia lifts import restrictions, Daily Sabah, 10 November 2017. https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/economy\/2017\/11\/10\/turkey-restarts-tomato-exports-as-russia-lifts-import-restrictions<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Data by Russia\u2019s National Fruit and Vegetable Union quoted by Kommersant, 2 October 2017. https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3427414<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> By contrast, tracks perpetrated by citizens of the post-Soviet Central Asian republics have not led to the abolition of visa-free regime with the respective countries.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Turkish contractors hopeful as Russia relaxes sanctions, H\u00fcrriyet Daily News, 4 June 2017. http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-contractors-hopeful-as-russia-relaxes-sanctions.aspx?pageID=238&nID=113903&NewsCatID=345<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> G\u00fclistan Alag\u00f6z, Mercedes fabrikas\u0131 T\u00fcrklere emanet, H\u00fcrriyet, 14 June 2017<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/mercedes-fabrikasi-turklere-emanet-40490304<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Chekistov zaderzhali kak realschikov, Kommersant, 16 September 2016. https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3089749<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Currently natural gas accounts for 46% of electricity production, as compared to 24% coal and 25% hydro power. The government-declared goal is to bring gas down to 30% by 2023, raise hyrdro power and other renewables above 30% and nuclear power to 10%. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkey\u2019s Energy Strategic Plan 2015-9, 2019. http:\/\/www.enerji.gov.tr\/File\/?path=ROOT%2F1%2FDocuments%2FStrategic%20Plan%2FStrategicPlan2015-2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Data from Gazprom Export, http:\/\/www.gazpromexport.ru\/en\/statistics\/<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Jonathan Stern et al. Does the cancellation of South Stream signal a fundamental reorientation of Russian gas export policy?, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, January 2015.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> In January 2016, Gazprom cancelled the 10.25 per cent discount it offered to several private importers which served as a benchmark for BOTA\u015e as well.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u201cGazprom\u201d ulozhil bolee 700 kilometrov morskogo uchastka \u201cTuretskogo potoka\u201d, RIA Novosti, 4 January 2018. https:\/\/ria.ru\/economy\/20180104\/1512136489.html<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> BOTA\u015e agrees on financing Turkish Stream with Russia\u2019s Gazprom, Daily Sabah, 11 July 2017, https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/energy\/2017\/07\/11\/botas-agrees-on-financing-turkish-stream-with-russias-gazprom<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary are all willing to host TurkStream\u2019s extension. Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov and Serbian President Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107 lobbied for their countries at the World Petroleum Congress in Istanbul (10 July 2017). Another option would be to use capacity in the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) running through Greece and Albania. The TAP option meets the EU criterion on third-party access as Russian natural gas will be pumped along with shipments from Azerbaijan.<\/p>\n

Elena Kosoplatova, Russian gas from Turkish Stream likely to go through TAP \u2013 expert, Trend News Agency, 12 July 2017. https:\/\/en.trend.az\/other\/commentary\/2776531.html<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> The European Commission and the Russian Federation government are currently in negotiations as to the legal status of the offshore sections of the propose Nord Stream 2 pipeline.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Artur Toporkov and Margarita Topchenkova, Gazprom forsiroval stroitelstvo Turetskogo potoka, Vedomosti, 19 July 2017. https:\/\/www.vedomosti.ru\/business\/articles\/2017\/07\/19\/724468-gazprom-turetskogo-potoka?utm_source=facebook&utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=social&utm_content=724468-gazprom-turetskogo-potoka<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Gazprom may exit domestic Turkish natural gas market, RT, 28 June 2017. https:\/\/www.rt.com\/business\/394352-turkey-gazprom-gas-sales\/<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> See Ole Gunnar Austvik and Gulmira Rzayeva, Turkey in the Geopolitics of Natural Gas, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, M-RCBG Associate Working Paper Series, 66, \u00a0Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, September 2016. https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/centers\/mrcbg\/files\/66_final.pdf<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> Aaron Stein and Chen Kane, Turkey\u2019s Nuclear Ambitions, Bulletin of Nuclear Scientists, 15 May 2013.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Stratejik te\u015fvik yerine \u00f6ncelikli yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, Milliyet, 4 May 2017.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/stratejik-tesvik-yerine-oncelikli-ekonomi-2443921\/<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a>Rosatom nashel v Turtsii $10 mlrd. Kommersant, 20 June 2017. https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/3330072<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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