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\u0634\u0643\u0644 3<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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[18]<\/p>\n

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[20]<\/p>\n

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[25] \u0648\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0650\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646” \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u064d \u062c\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]  Cooper, Helene, Gibbons-Neff, Thomas and Hubbard, Ben, \u201cU.S., Britain and France Strike Syria Over Suspected Chemical Weapons Attack,\u201d New York Times, 13 April 2018, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/13\/world\/middleeast\/trump-strikes-syria-attack.html<\/p>\n

[2] Al Sarhan, Atallah, \u201cUnited States Foreign Policy and the Middle East\u201d, Open Journal of Political Science, 7, (2017): 454-472.<\/p>\n

[3] SIPRI, Arms Transfers database, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/databases\/armstransfers<\/p>\n

[4] Stork, Joe & Paul, James, \u201cArms Sales and the Militarization of the Middle East\u201d, MERIP, 13 (1983): 5-15.<\/p>\n

[5] Stork, Joe & Paul, James, \u201cArms Sales and the Militarization of the Middle East\u201d, MERIP, 13 (1983): 5-15.<\/p>\n

[6] McCarthy, Niall, \u201cWhere U.S. Troops Are In The Middle East [Infographic],\u201d Forbes, 7 June 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/niallmccarthy\/2017\/06\/07\/qatar-hosts-largest-u-s-base-in-the-middle-east-despite-allegedly-funding-extremism-infographic\/#260a6be63dc7<\/a>;<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n

Al Sarhan, Atallah, \u201cUnited States Foreign Policy and the Middle East\u201d, Open Journal of Political Science, 7, (2017): 454-472<\/p>\n

[7] Al Sarhan, Atallah, \u201cUnited States Foreign Policy and the Middle East\u201d, Open Journal of Political Science, 7, (2017): 454-472<\/p>\n

[8] Goldenberg, Ilan, \u201cHere\u2019s How Both Obama and Trump Stoked the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry\u201d, Foreign Policy, 7 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/07\/heres-how-both-obama-and-trump-stoked-the-saudi-iranian-rivalry\/.<\/p>\n

[9] Inboden, Will, \u201cSaudi Arabia\u2019s Religious Intolerance and the Execution of Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr\u201d, Foreign Policy, 4 January 2016, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/01\/04\/saudi-arabias-religious-intolerance-and-the-execution-of-sheikh-nimr-al-nimr\/<\/p>\n

[10] Shaker, Romany, \u201cIran\u2019s Relationship with Qatar Could Be Polarizing\u201d, The National Interest, 29 January 2018, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/irans-relationship-qatar-could-be-crumbling-24265<\/p>\n

[11] Fetterrolf, Janell & Poushter, Jacob, \u201cKey Middle East Publics See Russia, Turkey and U.S. All Playing Larger Roles in Region\u201d Pew Research Center, 11 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/www.pewglobal.org\/2017\/12\/11\/key-middle-east-publics-see-russia-turkey-and-u-s-all-playing-larger-roles-in-region\/<\/p>\n

[12] Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research, Conflict Barometer 26, p. 196<\/p>\n

[13] SIPRI, \u201cGlobal military spending remains high at $1.7 trillion\u201d, 2 May 2018, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/media\/press-release\/2018\/global-military-spending-remains-high-17-trillion<\/p>\n

[14] \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/p>\n

[15] SIPRI, \u201cAsia and the Middle East lead rising trend in arms imports, US exports grow significantly, says SIPRI\u201d, 12 March 2018, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/news\/press-release\/2018\/asia-and-middle-east-lead-rising-trend-arms-imports-us-exports-grow-significantly-says-sipri<\/p>\n

[16] Goldenberg, Ilan, \u201cHere\u2019s How Both Obama and Trump Stoked the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry\u201d, Foreign Policy, 7 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/07\/heres-how-both-obama-and-trump-stoked-the-saudi-iranian-rivalry\/.<\/p>\n

[17] Iddon, Paul, \u201cRussia expanding Middle East footprint with Egypt bases\u201d, The New Arab, 15 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/english\/indepth\/2017\/12\/15\/russia-expanding-middle-east-footprint-with-egypt-bases<\/a>;<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n

Reuters, \u201cRussia establishing permanent presence at its Syrian bases: RIA\u201d, 26 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia-bases\/russia-establishing-permanent-presence-at-its-syria-bases-ria-cites-minister-idUSKBN1EK0HD<\/p>\n

[18] Jeffrey, James, \u201cCongressional Testimony: U.S. Policy and Strategy in the Middle East\u201d Senate Armed Services Committee, 14 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/u.s.-policy-and-strategy-in-the-middle-east<\/p>\n

[19] Goldberg, Jeffrey, \u201cThe Obama Doctrine\u201d, The Atlantic, April 2016, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2016\/04\/the-obama-doctrine\/471525\/<\/p>\n

[20] Goldenberg, Ilan, \u201cHere\u2019s How Both Obama and Trump Stoked the Saudi-Iranian Rivalry\u201d, Foreign Policy, 7 December 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/07\/heres-how-both-obama-and-trump-stoked-the-saudi-iranian-rivalry\/.<\/p>\n

[21]  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/p>\n

[22]  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/p>\n

[23] Sladden, James, Wasser, Becca, Connable, Ben & Grand-Clement, Sarah, \u201cRussian Strategy in the Middle East\u201d Perspectives, RAND Corporation, 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/perspectives\/PE236.html.<\/p>\n

[24] Arab Center Washington, \u201cArab Attitudes toward President Trump and his Middle East Policies and Positions\u201d, 27 October 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, http:\/\/arabcenterdc.org\/survey\/arabs-opinion-trump-oct-2017\/<\/p>\n

[25] Donald J. Trump, \u201cRemarks at the Arab Islamic American Summit\u201d, Riyadh, 5 May 2017, accessed 24 July 2018, https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/briefings-statements\/president-trumps-speech-arab-islamic-american-summit\/<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>

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