{"id":10138,"date":"2019-02-27T13:29:21","date_gmt":"2019-02-27T10:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/?p=10138"},"modified":"2020-08-17T18:59:12","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T15:59:12","slug":"israilin-arap-devletleriyle-yakinlasmasi-bolgesel-cikarlar-uluslararasi-taninirliga-baskin-mi-gelecek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/2019\/02\/27\/israilin-arap-devletleriyle-yakinlasmasi-bolgesel-cikarlar-uluslararasi-taninirliga-baskin-mi-gelecek\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130srail\u2019in Arap Devletleriyle Yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131: B\u00f6lgesel \u00c7\u0131karlar Uluslararas\u0131 Tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa Bask\u0131n m\u0131 Gelecek?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130srail\u2019de genel se\u00e7imler yakla\u015f\u0131rken, birden \u00e7ok yolsuzluk iddias\u0131yla ilgili polis soru\u015fturmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mevcut Ba\u015fbakan Benjamin Netanyahu, muhtemel zaferiyle birlikte g\u00f6revinde kalacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Soru\u015fturma sonras\u0131 g\u00f6revden al\u0131nsa veya se\u00e7imlerde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frasa bile, \u00fclkesinin K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle olan yak\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcreci, \u0130srail\u2019in d\u0131\u015f politika ajandas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaya devam edecektir. \u00dcstelik bu mesele, \u0130srail siyasetindeki muhalif partilerden dahi destek g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Nitekim M\u0131s\u0131r, Suudi Arabistan ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok Arap devletiyle geli\u015ftirilen bu ili\u015fkiler, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u0130srail d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda benimsenen bir fenomenin yaln\u0131zca bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun tehlikeli sular\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde kurdu\u011fu ittifaklarla uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131k kazanma \u00e7abas\u0131yla ge\u00e7en y\u0131llardan sonra, \u0130srail d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndaki bu hedefinde gitgide bir ilerleme kaydetti ve oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin lehine do\u011fru \u00e7evirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, \u00fclkenin b\u00f6lgesel tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa dayanma politikas\u0131 art\u0131k b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerle bir i\u015f birli\u011fi halinde hareket etme politikas\u0131yla yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu\u011funda \u0130srail, etraf\u0131ndaki Arap devletlerinin hasmane tutumlar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc zaten izole olmu\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Bu izolasyonu k\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla \u00fclke, k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lge \u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere dair 1950\u2019li ve 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda iki \u00e7e\u015fit politika benimsedi. ABD, SSCB ve Fransa olmak \u00fczere k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lerle denge siyaseti g\u00f6zetirken, b\u00f6lgesel hinterland ise \u0130ran, T\u00fcrkiye ve Etiyopya gibi \u00fclkelerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fki kurmay\u0131 hedefleyen \u201c\u00c7evresel Doktrin\u201d stratejisini geli\u015ftirmekle ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. Her ne kadar bu politika b\u00f6lgesel boyuttan ayr\u0131 tutulamasa da \u0130srail\u2019in bu y\u0131llarda uluslararas\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik e\u011filiminin daha kuvvetli oldu\u011fu kesindir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yine bu y\u0131llardaki 1967 Arap-\u0130srail Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00fclke ad\u0131na sadece bir askeri ba\u015far\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslararas\u0131 toplumca tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rabildi\u011fi bir hadiseydi. Sonras\u0131nda her ne kadar SSCB kendisiyle ili\u015fkileri kopart\u0131p \u00fclkeyi Bat\u0131 Kamp\u0131\u2019na dahil olmaya mecbur b\u0131raksa da uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen iyi ili\u015fkilerin bir sonucu olarak ABD ile olan ittifak\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0130srail\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir sonu\u00e7tu. Bu durum \u00f6zellikle Arap-\u0130srail bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin arabuluculu\u011fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterecekti.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bu yak\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcreciyle sonlanan olaylar zinciri esasen 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda ba\u015flad\u0131. Arap devletleriyle birbiri ard\u0131nca gelen askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131larla ve ABD\u2019nin deste\u011fini almakla beraber \u0130srail, d\u0131\u015f politikadaki \u00f6nceliklerini yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irebilece\u011fini ve b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair daha fazla manevra alan\u0131 olu\u015fturabilece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Revizyonist Siyonizm\u2019in \u00f6nde gelen fig\u00fcrlerinden Menahem Begin\u2019in liderli\u011findeki Likud partisinin 1977\u2019deki se\u00e7im zaferiyle beraber y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7en sa\u011f siyaset, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir d\u0131\u015f politika ajandas\u0131yla da gelmi\u015fti. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te t\u00fcm gidi\u015fat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren iki tane olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Birincisi, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019la Camp David anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131 ve Arap \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7erisinde en kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfuslu ve askeri anlamda en geli\u015fmi\u015f orduya sahip tehditler saf d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu geli\u015fme \u0130srail\u2019e, b\u00f6lgesel tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tamam\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmadan da alabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. \u0130kincisi de \u0130ran\u2019daki \u0130slami devrimle birlikte \u0130srail, b\u00f6lgede sadece bir m\u00fcttefik kaybetmekle kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Camp David anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n getirilerini tehdit eden revizyonist bir g\u00fc\u00e7le zor bir durumda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi. Bu geli\u015fme \u0130srail\u2019e, b\u00f6lgesel tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131ca ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten sonra ise \u0130srail d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndaki uluslararas\u0131l\u0131k ve b\u00f6lgesellik dengesi de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u00fclke, oldu bittiye dayal\u0131 bir\u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 icraat\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130srail Meclisi Knesset, sonradan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan da k\u0131nanacak bir karar olarak Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc \u201c\u0130srail\u2019in ba\u015fkenti\u201d olarak ilan etti. \u00dcstelik Bat\u0131 \u015eeria\u2019daki yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerle\u015fimlerin in\u015fas\u0131 art\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ti ve bir devlet politikas\u0131 olarak te\u015fvik edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. L\u00fcbnan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali ve 1982\u2019de Sabra & \u015eatilla kamplar\u0131ndaki bilin\u00e7li mezalimler, \u00fclkenin ulusal g\u00fcvenlik hedeflerine kar\u015f\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan di\u011fer olaylard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131yla beraber Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, bu Arap-\u0130srail yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 hikayesinin iki taraftan da anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in incelemek gerekiyor. \u0130srail, geli\u015fmelerin ilk safhas\u0131nda ihtiyatla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kendinden emin oldu\u011funa dair bir duru\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. Ancak Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u2013 ve \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Hizbullah dahil olmak \u00fczere vekalet sava\u015flar\u0131nda aktif askeri dahliyle \u2013 \u0130srail, etkile\u015fimini art\u0131rmak ve \u201cb\u00f6lgesel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere\u201d ba\u015fvurmak zorunda kald\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Kurumu ve hatta Trump y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan da \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n anla\u015fmaya uydu\u011fu belirtilmesine ra\u011fmen imzalanan n\u00fckleer anla\u015fman\u0131n itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma \u00e7abalar\u0131, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu politika, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Yemen, Irak, Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan\u2019a uzanan etkisiyle beraber kendilerini \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f hisseden K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinde de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu. \u0130srail\u2019le birlikte stat\u00fcko yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak bu \u00fclkeler, zaten 1979\u2019daki devrimin bir miras\u0131 olarak revizyonist bir \u0130ran d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 kanaati payla\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, mesele yaln\u0131zca \u0130ran boyutundan ibaret de\u011fil. 1980\u2019li ve 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara dek uzanan MENA B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki siyasal \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi, Arap \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in politik me\u015fruiyetlerini yitireceklerinden, \u0130srail i\u00e7inse \u201cb\u00f6lgedeki tek demokrasi\u201d iddias\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fmeye sebebiyet verece\u011finden, stat\u00fckoyu g\u00f6zeten bu iki taraf i\u00e7in de tehdit edici bir fenomen olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7\u0131kar uyumuna \u00f6zellikle 2013\u2019teki M\u0131s\u0131r darbesinde \u015fahit olundu. Darbe ve sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bask\u0131 politikas\u0131n\u0131 Suudi Arabistan ve BAE\u2019nin finanse etmesinin yan\u0131nda, \u0130srail de s\u00fcrece destek verdi. Bu politika ayn\u0131 zamanda son olarak, Ka\u015f\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 meselesinde de devam etti. \u201c\u0130stikrar\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle, \u0130srail ve Suudi Arabistan aras\u0131nda istihbarat servisleri aras\u0131ndaki diyaloglar da dahil olmak \u00fczere y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren \u00e7abalar, Suudi rejimince i\u015flenmi\u015f vah\u015fetin herhangi bir \u015fekilde k\u0131nanmas\u0131na bask\u0131n geldi. Tarih burada kendini tekrar ediyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc otoriter Arap liderlerle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu i\u015f birli\u011fi politikas\u0131 ABD\u2019nin \u201cSovyet tehdidi\u201d ve \u201c\u0130slamc\u0131 ter\u00f6r\u00fc\u201dne kar\u015f\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki politikas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f bir hali gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir zamanlar MENA B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki demokratikle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditlere kurban edilmesi gibi, bu sefer de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u201c\u0130ran tehdidi\u201d ve \u201c\u0130slamc\u0131 tehdit\u201d y\u00fcz\u00fcnden b\u00f6lgedeki demokratikle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve stat\u00fckoya kar\u015f\u0131 muhalefet baltalan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu arada Filistinliler ise bu bask\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurban\u0131 oluyor. \u0130srail\u2019in, Araplarla yukar\u0131da bahsedilen sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, Filistin meselesini i\u015fe yararl\u0131l\u0131k u\u011fruna g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmesine olanak tan\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylelikle, ABD\u2019yi b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fini Kud\u00fcs\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131maya te\u015fvik etmesi, Knesset\u2019in \u00fclkedeki Arap az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve D\u00fcrzi toplulu\u011fun stat\u00fcs\u00fcne zarar vermeye y\u00f6nelik tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir \u201cUlus Devlet Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131\u201d onaylamas\u0131 ve i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 \u015eeria’n\u0131n El Halil kentindeki Uluslararas\u0131 Ge\u00e7ici Mevcudiyet G\u00fcc\u00fc’n\u00fcn (TIPH) g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresini tek tarafl\u0131 olarak sonland\u0131rmas\u0131 gibi oldu bittiye dayal\u0131 icraatlar\u0131 alenen hayata ge\u00e7irebiliyor. \u00dcstelik, \u201cY\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ile birlikte yine oldu bittiye dayal\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc uygulamak ad\u0131na herhangi bir Filistin temsilini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediyor ve Fetih liderli\u011findeki Filistin Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin sembolik temsiline bile tenezz\u00fcl etmiyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130srail, Arap \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011funu Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yan\u0131na \u00e7ekerek \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde etmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak bu politika, uzun vadeli ama\u00e7lardan mahrum ve stratejik olmaktan ziyade taktiksel kal\u0131yor. \u0130ran tehdidi etkisiz hale getirilse bile, ki asimetrik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardaki tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermenin ger\u00e7ek bir zorluk oldu\u011funun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekiyor, bu yak\u0131nla\u015fma s\u00fcreci ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmaya mahk\u00fbmdur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Arap devletlerindeki toplumsal me\u015fruiyet temelli siyasal me\u015fruiyeti in\u015fa etmedeki gereklili\u011fin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olu\u015funu biraz daha ertelemekten ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n da halihaz\u0131rda kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, otoriter Arap liderleriyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen dostluk ili\u015fkisi g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda \u00e7\u00f6kmeye mahk\u00fbm oluyor. Nihayetinde bu liderler hayatta kalma endi\u015fesiyle me\u015fruiyet meselesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak zorunda kal\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, iki taraf aras\u0131nda Filistinli gruplar\u0131 dahil etmeden Filistin meselesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma \u00e7abas\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu durum  yak\u0131nla\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na dahi sebebiyet verebilir. \u0130srail-Filistin meselesinin tarihindeki iki \u0130ntifada ve yak\u0131n zamandaki B\u0131\u00e7ak \u0130ntifadas\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor ki Filistinliler, var olan durumu direni\u015fleriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ad\u0131na bir lidere dahi ihtiya\u00e7 duymuyor. \u0130srail ise elbette Araplarla olan i\u015f birli\u011finin Filistin meselesinde me\u015fru ve etkili bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

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\u0130srail\u2019de genel se\u00e7imler yakla\u015f\u0131rken, birden \u00e7ok yolsuzluk iddias\u0131yla ilgili polis soru\u015fturmas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mevcut Ba\u015fbakan Benjamin Netanyahu, muhtemel zaferiyle birlikte g\u00f6revinde kalacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":128,"featured_media":10140,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[376],"tags":[9815],"asf_pub_issue":[10319],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10138"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/128"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10138"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24071,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10138\/revisions\/24071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10138"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10138"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}