![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Mesut-O\u0308zcan-150x150.png\" "\\"\\"")
Mesut Ozcan<\/a> <\/i> 16 Ocak 2017<\/span><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ \/ B\u00d6LGESEL D\u00dcZEN<\/a><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span>: Yeni y\u0131l, T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki 2016\u2019n\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk heyetinin Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki kom\u015fu \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ziyaretten \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fcrokratik ve siyasi temaslarla yat\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcndemde ise, \u00f6zellikle Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti (I\u015e\u0130D) ve K\u00fcrdistan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (PKK) yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. \u2018Ba\u015fika Konusu\u2019 tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi, ancak iki kom\u015fu aras\u0131nda birbirlerinin endi\u015felerini dikkate alma konusunda art\u0131k daha iyi bir ileti\u015fim var. Gerilimin azalmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin sorunlar\u0131na odaklanma ihtiyac\u0131 iki \u00fclkeyi birlikte hareket etmeye zorlamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131nda daha yak\u0131n ekonomik i\u015f birli\u011fine duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda bu ziyaret olumlu bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sorunlar sadece bu ziyaretle sonlanmayabilir ancak art\u0131k bunlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, kabinedeki birka\u00e7 bakanla birlikte 7-8 Ocak 2017 tarihlerinde Irak\u2019a bir ziyarette bulundu.[1]<\/a> Bu ziyaret \u00f6ncesinde hem T\u00fcrkiye hem de Irak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelme ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi konusuna a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131na dair olumlu a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu ziyaret 30 Aral\u0131k tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan ve Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi aras\u0131ndaki bir telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a> Bu telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi sonras\u0131nda Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi \u201cPKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmak i\u00e7in Irak topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul edemeyiz. Anayasam\u0131z da b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye izin vermez.\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.[3]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki taraf da ziyaretin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir zemin olu\u015fturma hususunda \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\nZiyaret esnas\u0131nda her iki taraf da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f, ancak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ekonomi, e\u011fitim ve tar\u0131m meseleleri de konu\u015fulmu\u015ftur. Sonu\u00e7 bildirisi her iki \u00fclkenin de ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131 konusunda ortak bir tutum i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Ba\u011fdat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk heyeti Erbil\u2019e ge\u00e7mi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 burada I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge cephesini ziyaret ederken bakanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 da Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyarette bulunarak buradaki T\u00fcrk askerleri ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[5]<\/a><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler bu ziyaretin \u00f6ncesinde, neredeyse son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 gergin olmu\u015ftur: Temel konular; PKK\u2019n\u0131n Irak\u2019taki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fckiye\u2019nin Irak\u2019ta artmakta olan PKK faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin endi\u015fesi, Musul operasyonunu izleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te mezhep\u00e7ilik kayg\u0131lar\u0131, Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcnde I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele konusunda yerel g\u00fc\u00e7lere e\u011fitim veren T\u00fcrk birliklerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Musul\u2019da bir mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin buraya bir operasyonda bulunma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin endi\u015felerdir. Bu ziyaretle her iki taraf da iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi azaltma ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadeleye odaklanma niyetinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu ziyaretin do\u011frudan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok erken olsa da bu kez her iki ba\u015fkentin de medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla konu\u015fmak yerine birbirleriyle do\u011frudan ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7meyi se\u00e7mi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Ziyaretin \u0130kili ve B\u00f6lgesel Arka Plan\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nBa\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve Irak\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara son verme ve b\u00f6lgedeki pek \u00e7ok sorunla m\u00fccadelelerinde i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde olma iste\u011finin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak yorumlanabilir. T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki ikili ili\u015fkiler 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fc nedeniyle gerginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lge Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ndeki (KBY) birliklerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Musul halk\u0131n\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele konusunda e\u011fitmek ve PKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n alanlarda faaliyetlerini art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla, Ba\u015fika b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerinin Ba\u015fika\u2019da bulunu\u015funun amac\u0131n\u0131n yerel g\u00fc\u00e7leri I\u015e\u0130D ile sava\u015fmak \u00fczere e\u011fitmek yoluyla I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye yard\u0131m etmek oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan, Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin burada bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 egemenlik ihlali olarak yorumlam\u0131\u015f ve bu birliklerin buradan \u00e7ekilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\u0130kili ili\u015fkilerin farkl\u0131 niteliklerini g\u00f6stermek ve mevcut ili\u015fkilerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek konusunda Irakl\u0131 mevkida\u015flar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye destek olmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla baz\u0131 bakanlar da bu ziyarette Ba\u015fbakan\u2019a e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele her iki \u00fclkenin g\u00fcndeminin \u00fcst s\u0131ralar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kuzey Suriye\u2019deki F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden I\u015e\u0130D\u2019i ortadan kald\u0131rma kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir. I\u015e\u0130D pek \u00e7ok kez T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e destek verdi\u011fi ya da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6stermemi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi as\u0131ls\u0131z iddialar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve \u00f6tesinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemlerle son bulmu\u015ftur. Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinde s\u00fcren operasyonlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonlarda \u00f6nde gelen bir akt\u00f6r olarak bu tehdidi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ne kadar kararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irakl\u0131 baz\u0131 siyasi fig\u00fcrlerin T\u00fcrkiye aleyhindeki iddialar\u0131na etkin bir cevap olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I\u015e\u0130D tehdidinin yan\u0131nda- ve belki de bundan daha \u00f6nemli olarak- PKK tehdidi de hem d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda hem de Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndeminde yer almaktad\u0131r. Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi\u2019nin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ziyaretinden \u00f6nce verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ba\u011fdat y\u00f6netiminden beklentilerine cevap anlam\u0131nda olumlu bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. PKK\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan finanse edildi\u011fi ve onlara silah sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki daha \u00f6nceki iddialara ra\u011fmen,[7]<\/a> Irak yetkilileri topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemediklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmi\u015flerdir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\nI\u015e\u0130D Tehdidi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki buzlar\u0131n yak\u0131n zaman \u00f6nce erimesinin ard\u0131nda birka\u00e7 neden vard\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce I\u015e\u0130D tehdidi iki \u00fclkeyi yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul\u2019u \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirme operasyonu 2016 sonbahar\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve operasyonlar bir s\u00fcre iyi gitmi\u015ftir. Ancak halihaz\u0131rdaki ko\u015fullar umut verici de\u011fildir. Irakl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kayb\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kentteki direni\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Musul\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 ila alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.[9]<\/a> Hatta baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler bu operasyonun iki y\u0131l kadar uzayabilece\u011fini bile iddia etmektedir. Bu sebepledir ki bu m\u00fccadelede Irak\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile birlikte hareket etmesi kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Ba\u011fdat h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin hen\u00fcz Musul I\u015e\u0130D taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmeden \u00f6nce izledi\u011fi politikalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, yerel halk\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik Musul\u2019da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e y\u00f6nelik operasyona ili\u015fkin endi\u015feler nedeniyle 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131 boyunca y\u00fcksek bir seviyedeydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kayg\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde baz\u0131 Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00fcyelerinin Musul\u2019la ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n mezhepsel tonuna, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Telafer\u2019de mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131 tehlikesine ve Sincar b\u00f6lgesindeki PKK \u00fcyelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkindi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu t\u00fcr kayg\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak Irak, Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcndeki T\u00fcrk askerlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kuzey Irak\u2019ta Suriye\u2019deki F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Operasyonu\u2019na benzer bir T\u00fcrk askeri operasyonunun olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle endi\u015feliydi. T\u00fcrk b\u00fcrokratlar Irak\u2019\u0131n bu konudaki endi\u015felerini gidermek i\u00e7in Ekim\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015f ve Irak\u2019taki mevkida\u015flar\u0131yla olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[10]<\/a> Bu ziyaretin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonra iki kom\u015fu aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak ekonomi alan\u0131nda da birbirine ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Irak, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca T\u00fcrk \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir pazar olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitler ve i\u015f insanlar\u0131 Irak\u2019ta y\u0131llard\u0131r olduk\u00e7a faal olmu\u015ftur. Irak, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Musul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmesinden ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Almanya\u2019dan sonra en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci d\u0131\u015f pazard\u0131. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ticaret 12 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[11]<\/a> Ancak son iki y\u0131lda, Irak\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131 bu rakamlarda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2016\u2019da Irak\u2019a ihracat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyar dolara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7edeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketlerinin Irak\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00e7ekilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nIrak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da T\u00fcrkiye ile ticaret k\u00e2rl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler kalite bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avrupal\u0131 emsalleri ile rekabet etmektedir ve makul fiyatlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Lojistik kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da T\u00fcrk \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Irak pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Saddam d\u00f6neminde y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren sava\u015f ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, Saddam\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra s\u00fcrmekte olan istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00fclkenin alt yap\u0131s\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar vermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketleri spor stadyumlar\u0131, yeni yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 ve elektrik \u00fcretme projeleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere Irak genelinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Irak halk\u0131 temel hizmetler i\u00e7in dahi T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine g\u00fcvenmi\u015ftir. Ortak bildirgede, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131na yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar, bu alanda Irak\u2019\u0131n beklentilerinin d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermektedir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\nI\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00e7edeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar Irak\u2019ta pek \u00e7ok projenin ertelenmesine ya da iptal edilmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti petrol \u00fcretimini g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyon varile \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu gelir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesi, \u015fehirlerin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na ve elektrik \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik yeni altyap\u0131 projelerine ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Bu sorunlar Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ve yerel \u015firketlerin T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine \u00f6deme yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir ve bu \u015firketler Irak\u2019taki faaliyetlerini azaltmaktad\u0131r.[13]<\/a> Bu sadece merkezi y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in de\u011fil K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi (KBY) i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\nErbil Ziyareti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nBa\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Irak ziyaretinin ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc KBY\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ba\u011fdat\u2019la oldu\u011fu gibi Erbil ile ili\u015fkiler de g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomik zorluklardan olduk\u00e7a etkilenmektedir. I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden ka\u00e7an m\u00fclteciler, petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften ciddi bi\u00e7imde etkilenen KBY b\u00fct\u00e7esine a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck binmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[14]<\/a> G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomi birlikte dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda KBY\u2019ye yap\u0131lan bu ziyaret iki taraf\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. PKK\u2019n\u0131n KBY\u2019de ve son zamanlarda Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak\u2019ta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. T\u00fcrk bakanlar Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyarette bulunurken T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge\u2019yi ziyaret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\nG\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda hem I\u015e\u0130D ve hem PKK T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve KBY\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Ankara ve Erbil aras\u0131nda bir i\u015f birli\u011finden bahsedebiliriz. PKK\u2019n\u0131n Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi, Barzani y\u00f6netimindeki KBY i\u00e7in de bir sorun olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen KBY\u2019nin, K\u00fcrtlerin menfaatine kar\u015f\u0131 hareket etti\u011fine ili\u015fkin olas\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler nedeniyle PKK\u2019y\u0131 KBY\u2019den \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapacak bir konumda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve PKK\u2019y\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 bir koz olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da iddia edilebilir.<\/p>\n
PKK, KBY Pe\u015fmergesinin Ezidi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 korumada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sincar\u2019daki performans\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge\u2019nin imaj\u0131n\u0131 zedelemi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D tehdidinin azalmas\u0131yla Sincar\u2019daki halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 PKK\u2019n\u0131n ideolojisini ve y\u00f6ntemlerini sorgulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arg\u00fcmanlara ra\u011fmen Sincar\u2019da g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7evresinde dramatik bir de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a erkendir. Mevcut ko\u015fullarda KBY Pe\u015fmergesinin ya da Irak ordusunun Sincar\u2019da PKK\u2019yla ili\u015fkili gruplara y\u00f6nelik askeri bir operasyon y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ezidileri Pe\u015fmerge ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmaya ikna etmek daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Sincar\u2019da PKK\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verilmesine y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen KBY, Ba\u011fdat ve Ezidileri buna gerek oldu\u011funa ikna etmek biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019taki B\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Sorunlar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Irak\u2019taki en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan bir \u00fclkenin hem toplum hem de siyasi akt\u00f6rler anlam\u0131nda par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131da olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Merkezi y\u00f6netim ve KBY aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin zorlu\u011funun yan\u0131nda Irak merkezi idaresi ve KBY\u2019de farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezhepsel gruplar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne zor se\u00e7enekler koymaktad\u0131r. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek herhangi bir siyaset Irak toplumunun bir kesimini tatmin edecek di\u011ferlerini ise yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eii Araplar \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturmakta ve \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fclkenin orta ve g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Irak\u2019taki di\u011fer gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 siyasal ve ekonomik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma anlam\u0131nda birlik olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, ideolojik ve ekonomik konumlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u015eii Arap gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak\u2019taki \u015eii gruplara y\u00f6nelik bir politika geli\u015ftirmesini daha da \u00e7etrefilli bir hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcnni gruplar aras\u0131nda daha derin anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Zira I\u015e\u0130D bu durumdan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fayda sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saddam sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan \u00e7evre ileri gelen S\u00fcnni siyaset\u00e7ilere \u00e7ok az se\u00e7enek sunmu\u015ftur: \u00dclkeyi terk etmek, suikasta kurban gitmek ya da \u00f6nde gelen gruplarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmak gibi. Bu \u00f6nderlik ve birlik sorunlar\u0131 Irak\u2019taki S\u00fcnni Araplar i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Irak K\u00fcrtleri de Saddam sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te siyasi ve ekonomik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma amac\u0131nda ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru ilerleme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Bu hedefin \u00e7ekicili\u011fine ra\u011fmen I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 KBY i\u00e7in ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Buna ek olarak petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak petrol ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar istenmeyen bir duruma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu atmosfer KBY i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrt gruplar aras\u0131ndaki hiziple\u015fmeyi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u011fdat gibi Erbil de i\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve ekonomik sorunlarla m\u00fccadele etmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmenler de I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Irak\u2019ta ilerlemesinden etkilenmektedir. T\u00fcrkmenler\u2019in b\u00f6lgesi I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 operasyonlardan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Irak\u2019taki farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezhepsel gruplar aras\u0131nda yukar\u0131da bahsedilen b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler T\u00fcrkmen az\u0131nl\u0131klar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele T\u00fcrkmenler aras\u0131nda sekter bir u\u00e7urum olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131n par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bu foto\u011fraf dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00fclkedeki farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131 tatmin edecek politikalar geli\u015ftirmek kolay de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6ylesi bir atmosferde b\u00f6lgedeki kendi g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermektedir. Buna ek olarak, olumsuz ekonomik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye ra\u011fmen Irak ile ticaretini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel ko\u015fullar ve i\u00e7 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, Irak ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomi alanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen i\u015f birli\u011finde \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u015eimdi bu d\u00f6nemi sonland\u0131rma ve yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatmaya y\u00f6nelik daha umut verici sonu\u00e7lar sa\u011flamas\u0131 muhtemel \u00e7abalara tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Irak ziyareti iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131md\u0131r. Ancak iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar sadece bu ziyaretle sona ermeyecektir. Irakl\u0131 yetkililerin T\u00fcrk bakanlar\u0131n Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyaretine ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirileri bunun g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ikili ili\u015fkileri etkilemeye devam edecektir. Ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ortak bildiri ise, iki ba\u015fkentin de ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve birbirini su\u00e7lamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin fark\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomik zorluklar iki \u00fclkeyi birbirine do\u011fru itmektedir. \u0130ki \u00fclkenin siyaset\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndaki diyalog her iki \u00fclkede de toplumsal d\u00fczeye olumlu bir bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Siyasi fig\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki olumsuz atmosfer her iki tarafta da olumsuz alg\u0131lara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Irak\u2019taki ve b\u00f6lgedeki sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi gelecekte Ankara ve Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131nda kesinlikle ba\u015fka sorunlara da gebedir. Ancak \u015fimdilik, bu ziyaret her iki taraf\u0131n da bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in birbiri ile konu\u015fma niyetinde oldu\u011funun sinyallerini vermektedir.<\/p>\n
Referanslar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n[1]<\/a> “Ba\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Irak’ta.” Anadolu Ajans. 07.01.2017 http:\/\/aa.com.tr\/tr\/gunun-basliklari\/basbakan-yildirim-irakta\/721983<\/a><\/p>\nBa\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a Ekonomiden Sorumlu Bakan Nihat Zeybek\u00e7i, Enerji ve Do\u011fal Kaynaklar Bakan\u0131 Berat Albayrak, Sanayii ve Ticaret Bakan\u0131 B\u00fclent T\u00fcfenk\u00e7i, Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 \u0130smet Y\u0131lmaz ve Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Fikri I\u015f\u0131k e\u015flik ediyordu.<\/p>\n
[2]<\/a> \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Haydar El \u0130badi telefonda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d CNN T\u00fcrk. 30.12.2016. http:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/turkiye\/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-irak-basbakani-haydar-el-ibadi-telefonda-gorustu<\/a><\/p>\n[3]<\/a> \u201cIraq\u2019s Abadi takes anti-PKK stance before Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019s visit.\u201d H\u00fcrriyet Daily News. 04.01.2017. http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/iraqs-abadi-takes-anti-pkkstance-before-yildirims-visit.aspx?PageID=238&NID=108119&NewsCatID=352<\/a><\/p>\n[4]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak\u2019tan Ortak Bildiri\u201d Yeni \u015eafak. 07.01.2017. http:\/\/www.yenisafak.com\/dunya\/turkiye-ve-iraktan-ortak-bildiri-2593175<\/a><\/p>\n[5]<\/a> “Bakanlar\u0131m\u0131z Ba\u015fika Kamp\u0131’ndaki askerlerimizle bir araya geldi ” NTV. 08.01.2017. http:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/bakanlarimiz-basika-kampindaki-askerlerimizle-bir-araya-geldi,dJ8c0_55RE6F7Mk7aF3VXQ<\/a><\/p>\n[6]<\/a> \u201cIrak: T\u00fcrk askerleri Ba\u015fika’dan hemen \u00e7ekilmeli\u201d BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. 05.12.2015. http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler\/2015\/12\/151205_irak_musul_turkiye<\/a><\/p>\n[7]<\/a> \u201cIrak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti PKK\u2019ya Silah Verecek\u201d H\u00fcrriyet. 30.11.2016. http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/irak-hukumeti-pkkya-silah-verecek-40292284<\/a><\/p>\n[8]<\/a> \u201cIrak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi’den PKK’ya uyar\u0131\u201d Ensonhaber. 03.01.2017. http:\/\/www.ensonhaber.com\/irak-basbakani-ibadiden-pkkya-uyari-2017-01-03.html<\/a><\/p>\n[9]<\/a> \u201c\u0130badi: Musul\u2019u I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den Almak 3 Ay S\u00fcrer\u201d \u0130lkehaber. 27.12.2016. http:\/\/www.ilkehaber.com\/haber\/ibadi-musulu-isidden-almak-3-ay-surer-41469.htm<\/a><\/p>\n[10]<\/a> \u201cD\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan Ba\u011fdat’a \u00f6nemli ziyaret\u201d TRT Haber. 17.10.2016. http:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/disisleri-bakanligindan-bagdata-onemli-ziyaret-277393.html<\/a><\/p>\n[11]<\/a> Irak’\u0131n Ekonomisi\u201d T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. 15.1.2017. http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/irak-ekonomisi.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n[12]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak’tan ortak bildiri\u201d TRT Haber. 07.01.2017. http:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/turkiye-ve-iraktan-ortak-bildiri-292609.html<\/a><\/p>\n[13]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitlerinin Irak’taki ‘alacak’ sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor!\u201d Milliyet. 26.08.2016. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/turk-muteahhitlerinin-irak-taki-ekonomi-2301441\/<\/a><\/p>\n[14]<\/a> \u201cKRG slashes payroll to stave off budget collapse.\u201d Iraq Oil Report. 04.02.2016. http:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/krg-slashespayroll-stave-off-budget-collapse-17923\/<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Yeni y\u0131l, T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki 2016\u2019n\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk heyetinin Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki kom\u015fu \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ziyaretten \u00f6nce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10313],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10378"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25124,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378\/revisions\/25124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ \/ B\u00d6LGESEL D\u00dcZEN<\/a><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span>: Yeni y\u0131l, T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki 2016\u2019n\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk heyetinin Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki kom\u015fu \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ziyaretten \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fcrokratik ve siyasi temaslarla yat\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcndemde ise, \u00f6zellikle Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti (I\u015e\u0130D) ve K\u00fcrdistan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (PKK) yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. \u2018Ba\u015fika Konusu\u2019 tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi, ancak iki kom\u015fu aras\u0131nda birbirlerinin endi\u015felerini dikkate alma konusunda art\u0131k daha iyi bir ileti\u015fim var. Gerilimin azalmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin sorunlar\u0131na odaklanma ihtiyac\u0131 iki \u00fclkeyi birlikte hareket etmeye zorlamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131nda daha yak\u0131n ekonomik i\u015f birli\u011fine duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda bu ziyaret olumlu bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sorunlar sadece bu ziyaretle sonlanmayabilir ancak art\u0131k bunlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, kabinedeki birka\u00e7 bakanla birlikte 7-8 Ocak 2017 tarihlerinde Irak\u2019a bir ziyarette bulundu.[1]<\/a> Bu ziyaret \u00f6ncesinde hem T\u00fcrkiye hem de Irak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelme ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi konusuna a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131na dair olumlu a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu ziyaret 30 Aral\u0131k tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan ve Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi aras\u0131ndaki bir telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a> Bu telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi sonras\u0131nda Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi \u201cPKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmak i\u00e7in Irak topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul edemeyiz. Anayasam\u0131z da b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye izin vermez.\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.[3]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki taraf da ziyaretin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir zemin olu\u015fturma hususunda \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\nZiyaret esnas\u0131nda her iki taraf da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f, ancak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ekonomi, e\u011fitim ve tar\u0131m meseleleri de konu\u015fulmu\u015ftur. Sonu\u00e7 bildirisi her iki \u00fclkenin de ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131 konusunda ortak bir tutum i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Ba\u011fdat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk heyeti Erbil\u2019e ge\u00e7mi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 burada I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge cephesini ziyaret ederken bakanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 da Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyarette bulunarak buradaki T\u00fcrk askerleri ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[5]<\/a><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler bu ziyaretin \u00f6ncesinde, neredeyse son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 gergin olmu\u015ftur: Temel konular; PKK\u2019n\u0131n Irak\u2019taki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fckiye\u2019nin Irak\u2019ta artmakta olan PKK faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin endi\u015fesi, Musul operasyonunu izleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te mezhep\u00e7ilik kayg\u0131lar\u0131, Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcnde I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele konusunda yerel g\u00fc\u00e7lere e\u011fitim veren T\u00fcrk birliklerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Musul\u2019da bir mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin buraya bir operasyonda bulunma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin endi\u015felerdir. Bu ziyaretle her iki taraf da iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi azaltma ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadeleye odaklanma niyetinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu ziyaretin do\u011frudan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok erken olsa da bu kez her iki ba\u015fkentin de medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla konu\u015fmak yerine birbirleriyle do\u011frudan ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7meyi se\u00e7mi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Ziyaretin \u0130kili ve B\u00f6lgesel Arka Plan\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nBa\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve Irak\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara son verme ve b\u00f6lgedeki pek \u00e7ok sorunla m\u00fccadelelerinde i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde olma iste\u011finin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak yorumlanabilir. T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki ikili ili\u015fkiler 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fc nedeniyle gerginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lge Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ndeki (KBY) birliklerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Musul halk\u0131n\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele konusunda e\u011fitmek ve PKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n alanlarda faaliyetlerini art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla, Ba\u015fika b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerinin Ba\u015fika\u2019da bulunu\u015funun amac\u0131n\u0131n yerel g\u00fc\u00e7leri I\u015e\u0130D ile sava\u015fmak \u00fczere e\u011fitmek yoluyla I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye yard\u0131m etmek oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan, Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin burada bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 egemenlik ihlali olarak yorumlam\u0131\u015f ve bu birliklerin buradan \u00e7ekilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\u0130kili ili\u015fkilerin farkl\u0131 niteliklerini g\u00f6stermek ve mevcut ili\u015fkilerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek konusunda Irakl\u0131 mevkida\u015flar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye destek olmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla baz\u0131 bakanlar da bu ziyarette Ba\u015fbakan\u2019a e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele her iki \u00fclkenin g\u00fcndeminin \u00fcst s\u0131ralar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kuzey Suriye\u2019deki F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden I\u015e\u0130D\u2019i ortadan kald\u0131rma kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir. I\u015e\u0130D pek \u00e7ok kez T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e destek verdi\u011fi ya da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6stermemi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi as\u0131ls\u0131z iddialar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve \u00f6tesinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemlerle son bulmu\u015ftur. Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinde s\u00fcren operasyonlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonlarda \u00f6nde gelen bir akt\u00f6r olarak bu tehdidi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ne kadar kararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irakl\u0131 baz\u0131 siyasi fig\u00fcrlerin T\u00fcrkiye aleyhindeki iddialar\u0131na etkin bir cevap olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
I\u015e\u0130D tehdidinin yan\u0131nda- ve belki de bundan daha \u00f6nemli olarak- PKK tehdidi de hem d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda hem de Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndeminde yer almaktad\u0131r. Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi\u2019nin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ziyaretinden \u00f6nce verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ba\u011fdat y\u00f6netiminden beklentilerine cevap anlam\u0131nda olumlu bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. PKK\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan finanse edildi\u011fi ve onlara silah sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki daha \u00f6nceki iddialara ra\u011fmen,[7]<\/a> Irak yetkilileri topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemediklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmi\u015flerdir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\nI\u015e\u0130D Tehdidi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki buzlar\u0131n yak\u0131n zaman \u00f6nce erimesinin ard\u0131nda birka\u00e7 neden vard\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce I\u015e\u0130D tehdidi iki \u00fclkeyi yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul\u2019u \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirme operasyonu 2016 sonbahar\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve operasyonlar bir s\u00fcre iyi gitmi\u015ftir. Ancak halihaz\u0131rdaki ko\u015fullar umut verici de\u011fildir. Irakl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kayb\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kentteki direni\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Musul\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 ila alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.[9]<\/a> Hatta baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler bu operasyonun iki y\u0131l kadar uzayabilece\u011fini bile iddia etmektedir. Bu sebepledir ki bu m\u00fccadelede Irak\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile birlikte hareket etmesi kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Ba\u011fdat h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin hen\u00fcz Musul I\u015e\u0130D taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmeden \u00f6nce izledi\u011fi politikalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, yerel halk\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik Musul\u2019da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e y\u00f6nelik operasyona ili\u015fkin endi\u015feler nedeniyle 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131 boyunca y\u00fcksek bir seviyedeydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kayg\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde baz\u0131 Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00fcyelerinin Musul\u2019la ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n mezhepsel tonuna, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Telafer\u2019de mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131 tehlikesine ve Sincar b\u00f6lgesindeki PKK \u00fcyelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkindi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu t\u00fcr kayg\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak Irak, Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcndeki T\u00fcrk askerlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kuzey Irak\u2019ta Suriye\u2019deki F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Operasyonu\u2019na benzer bir T\u00fcrk askeri operasyonunun olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle endi\u015feliydi. T\u00fcrk b\u00fcrokratlar Irak\u2019\u0131n bu konudaki endi\u015felerini gidermek i\u00e7in Ekim\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015f ve Irak\u2019taki mevkida\u015flar\u0131yla olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[10]<\/a> Bu ziyaretin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonra iki kom\u015fu aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak ekonomi alan\u0131nda da birbirine ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Irak, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca T\u00fcrk \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir pazar olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitler ve i\u015f insanlar\u0131 Irak\u2019ta y\u0131llard\u0131r olduk\u00e7a faal olmu\u015ftur. Irak, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Musul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmesinden ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Almanya\u2019dan sonra en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci d\u0131\u015f pazard\u0131. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ticaret 12 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[11]<\/a> Ancak son iki y\u0131lda, Irak\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131 bu rakamlarda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2016\u2019da Irak\u2019a ihracat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyar dolara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7edeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketlerinin Irak\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00e7ekilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\nIrak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da T\u00fcrkiye ile ticaret k\u00e2rl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler kalite bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avrupal\u0131 emsalleri ile rekabet etmektedir ve makul fiyatlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Lojistik kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da T\u00fcrk \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Irak pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Saddam d\u00f6neminde y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren sava\u015f ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, Saddam\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra s\u00fcrmekte olan istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00fclkenin alt yap\u0131s\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar vermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketleri spor stadyumlar\u0131, yeni yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 ve elektrik \u00fcretme projeleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere Irak genelinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Irak halk\u0131 temel hizmetler i\u00e7in dahi T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine g\u00fcvenmi\u015ftir. Ortak bildirgede, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131na yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar, bu alanda Irak\u2019\u0131n beklentilerinin d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermektedir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\nI\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00e7edeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar Irak\u2019ta pek \u00e7ok projenin ertelenmesine ya da iptal edilmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti petrol \u00fcretimini g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyon varile \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu gelir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesi, \u015fehirlerin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na ve elektrik \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik yeni altyap\u0131 projelerine ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Bu sorunlar Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ve yerel \u015firketlerin T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine \u00f6deme yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir ve bu \u015firketler Irak\u2019taki faaliyetlerini azaltmaktad\u0131r.[13]<\/a> Bu sadece merkezi y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in de\u011fil K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi (KBY) i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\nErbil Ziyareti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nBa\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Irak ziyaretinin ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc KBY\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ba\u011fdat\u2019la oldu\u011fu gibi Erbil ile ili\u015fkiler de g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomik zorluklardan olduk\u00e7a etkilenmektedir. I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden ka\u00e7an m\u00fclteciler, petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften ciddi bi\u00e7imde etkilenen KBY b\u00fct\u00e7esine a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck binmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[14]<\/a> G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomi birlikte dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda KBY\u2019ye yap\u0131lan bu ziyaret iki taraf\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. PKK\u2019n\u0131n KBY\u2019de ve son zamanlarda Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak\u2019ta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. T\u00fcrk bakanlar Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyarette bulunurken T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge\u2019yi ziyaret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\nG\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda hem I\u015e\u0130D ve hem PKK T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve KBY\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Ankara ve Erbil aras\u0131nda bir i\u015f birli\u011finden bahsedebiliriz. PKK\u2019n\u0131n Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi, Barzani y\u00f6netimindeki KBY i\u00e7in de bir sorun olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen KBY\u2019nin, K\u00fcrtlerin menfaatine kar\u015f\u0131 hareket etti\u011fine ili\u015fkin olas\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler nedeniyle PKK\u2019y\u0131 KBY\u2019den \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapacak bir konumda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve PKK\u2019y\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 bir koz olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da iddia edilebilir.<\/p>\n
PKK, KBY Pe\u015fmergesinin Ezidi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 korumada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sincar\u2019daki performans\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge\u2019nin imaj\u0131n\u0131 zedelemi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D tehdidinin azalmas\u0131yla Sincar\u2019daki halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 PKK\u2019n\u0131n ideolojisini ve y\u00f6ntemlerini sorgulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arg\u00fcmanlara ra\u011fmen Sincar\u2019da g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7evresinde dramatik bir de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a erkendir. Mevcut ko\u015fullarda KBY Pe\u015fmergesinin ya da Irak ordusunun Sincar\u2019da PKK\u2019yla ili\u015fkili gruplara y\u00f6nelik askeri bir operasyon y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ezidileri Pe\u015fmerge ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmaya ikna etmek daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Sincar\u2019da PKK\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verilmesine y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen KBY, Ba\u011fdat ve Ezidileri buna gerek oldu\u011funa ikna etmek biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019taki B\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Sorunlar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Irak\u2019taki en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan bir \u00fclkenin hem toplum hem de siyasi akt\u00f6rler anlam\u0131nda par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131da olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Merkezi y\u00f6netim ve KBY aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin zorlu\u011funun yan\u0131nda Irak merkezi idaresi ve KBY\u2019de farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezhepsel gruplar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne zor se\u00e7enekler koymaktad\u0131r. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek herhangi bir siyaset Irak toplumunun bir kesimini tatmin edecek di\u011ferlerini ise yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eii Araplar \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturmakta ve \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fclkenin orta ve g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Irak\u2019taki di\u011fer gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 siyasal ve ekonomik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma anlam\u0131nda birlik olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, ideolojik ve ekonomik konumlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u015eii Arap gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak\u2019taki \u015eii gruplara y\u00f6nelik bir politika geli\u015ftirmesini daha da \u00e7etrefilli bir hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcnni gruplar aras\u0131nda daha derin anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Zira I\u015e\u0130D bu durumdan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fayda sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saddam sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan \u00e7evre ileri gelen S\u00fcnni siyaset\u00e7ilere \u00e7ok az se\u00e7enek sunmu\u015ftur: \u00dclkeyi terk etmek, suikasta kurban gitmek ya da \u00f6nde gelen gruplarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmak gibi. Bu \u00f6nderlik ve birlik sorunlar\u0131 Irak\u2019taki S\u00fcnni Araplar i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n
Irak K\u00fcrtleri de Saddam sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te siyasi ve ekonomik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma amac\u0131nda ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru ilerleme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Bu hedefin \u00e7ekicili\u011fine ra\u011fmen I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 KBY i\u00e7in ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Buna ek olarak petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak petrol ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar istenmeyen bir duruma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu atmosfer KBY i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrt gruplar aras\u0131ndaki hiziple\u015fmeyi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u011fdat gibi Erbil de i\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve ekonomik sorunlarla m\u00fccadele etmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkmenler de I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Irak\u2019ta ilerlemesinden etkilenmektedir. T\u00fcrkmenler\u2019in b\u00f6lgesi I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 operasyonlardan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Irak\u2019taki farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezhepsel gruplar aras\u0131nda yukar\u0131da bahsedilen b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler T\u00fcrkmen az\u0131nl\u0131klar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele T\u00fcrkmenler aras\u0131nda sekter bir u\u00e7urum olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131n par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bu foto\u011fraf dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00fclkedeki farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131 tatmin edecek politikalar geli\u015ftirmek kolay de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6ylesi bir atmosferde b\u00f6lgedeki kendi g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermektedir. Buna ek olarak, olumsuz ekonomik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye ra\u011fmen Irak ile ticaretini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel ko\u015fullar ve i\u00e7 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, Irak ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomi alanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen i\u015f birli\u011finde \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u015eimdi bu d\u00f6nemi sonland\u0131rma ve yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatmaya y\u00f6nelik daha umut verici sonu\u00e7lar sa\u011flamas\u0131 muhtemel \u00e7abalara tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Irak ziyareti iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131md\u0131r. Ancak iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar sadece bu ziyaretle sona ermeyecektir. Irakl\u0131 yetkililerin T\u00fcrk bakanlar\u0131n Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyaretine ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirileri bunun g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ikili ili\u015fkileri etkilemeye devam edecektir. Ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ortak bildiri ise, iki ba\u015fkentin de ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve birbirini su\u00e7lamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin fark\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomik zorluklar iki \u00fclkeyi birbirine do\u011fru itmektedir. \u0130ki \u00fclkenin siyaset\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndaki diyalog her iki \u00fclkede de toplumsal d\u00fczeye olumlu bir bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Siyasi fig\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki olumsuz atmosfer her iki tarafta da olumsuz alg\u0131lara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Irak\u2019taki ve b\u00f6lgedeki sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi gelecekte Ankara ve Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131nda kesinlikle ba\u015fka sorunlara da gebedir. Ancak \u015fimdilik, bu ziyaret her iki taraf\u0131n da bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in birbiri ile konu\u015fma niyetinde oldu\u011funun sinyallerini vermektedir.<\/p>\n
Referanslar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n[1]<\/a> “Ba\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Irak’ta.” Anadolu Ajans. 07.01.2017 http:\/\/aa.com.tr\/tr\/gunun-basliklari\/basbakan-yildirim-irakta\/721983<\/a><\/p>\nBa\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a Ekonomiden Sorumlu Bakan Nihat Zeybek\u00e7i, Enerji ve Do\u011fal Kaynaklar Bakan\u0131 Berat Albayrak, Sanayii ve Ticaret Bakan\u0131 B\u00fclent T\u00fcfenk\u00e7i, Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 \u0130smet Y\u0131lmaz ve Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Fikri I\u015f\u0131k e\u015flik ediyordu.<\/p>\n
[2]<\/a> \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Haydar El \u0130badi telefonda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d CNN T\u00fcrk. 30.12.2016. http:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/turkiye\/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-irak-basbakani-haydar-el-ibadi-telefonda-gorustu<\/a><\/p>\n[3]<\/a> \u201cIraq\u2019s Abadi takes anti-PKK stance before Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019s visit.\u201d H\u00fcrriyet Daily News. 04.01.2017. http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/iraqs-abadi-takes-anti-pkkstance-before-yildirims-visit.aspx?PageID=238&NID=108119&NewsCatID=352<\/a><\/p>\n[4]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak\u2019tan Ortak Bildiri\u201d Yeni \u015eafak. 07.01.2017. http:\/\/www.yenisafak.com\/dunya\/turkiye-ve-iraktan-ortak-bildiri-2593175<\/a><\/p>\n[5]<\/a> “Bakanlar\u0131m\u0131z Ba\u015fika Kamp\u0131’ndaki askerlerimizle bir araya geldi ” NTV. 08.01.2017. http:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/bakanlarimiz-basika-kampindaki-askerlerimizle-bir-araya-geldi,dJ8c0_55RE6F7Mk7aF3VXQ<\/a><\/p>\n[6]<\/a> \u201cIrak: T\u00fcrk askerleri Ba\u015fika’dan hemen \u00e7ekilmeli\u201d BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. 05.12.2015. http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler\/2015\/12\/151205_irak_musul_turkiye<\/a><\/p>\n[7]<\/a> \u201cIrak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti PKK\u2019ya Silah Verecek\u201d H\u00fcrriyet. 30.11.2016. http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/irak-hukumeti-pkkya-silah-verecek-40292284<\/a><\/p>\n[8]<\/a> \u201cIrak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi’den PKK’ya uyar\u0131\u201d Ensonhaber. 03.01.2017. http:\/\/www.ensonhaber.com\/irak-basbakani-ibadiden-pkkya-uyari-2017-01-03.html<\/a><\/p>\n[9]<\/a> \u201c\u0130badi: Musul\u2019u I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den Almak 3 Ay S\u00fcrer\u201d \u0130lkehaber. 27.12.2016. http:\/\/www.ilkehaber.com\/haber\/ibadi-musulu-isidden-almak-3-ay-surer-41469.htm<\/a><\/p>\n[10]<\/a> \u201cD\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan Ba\u011fdat’a \u00f6nemli ziyaret\u201d TRT Haber. 17.10.2016. http:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/disisleri-bakanligindan-bagdata-onemli-ziyaret-277393.html<\/a><\/p>\n[11]<\/a> Irak’\u0131n Ekonomisi\u201d T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. 15.1.2017. http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/irak-ekonomisi.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n[12]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak’tan ortak bildiri\u201d TRT Haber. 07.01.2017. http:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/turkiye-ve-iraktan-ortak-bildiri-292609.html<\/a><\/p>\n[13]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitlerinin Irak’taki ‘alacak’ sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor!\u201d Milliyet. 26.08.2016. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/turk-muteahhitlerinin-irak-taki-ekonomi-2301441\/<\/a><\/p>\n[14]<\/a> \u201cKRG slashes payroll to stave off budget collapse.\u201d Iraq Oil Report. 04.02.2016. http:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/krg-slashespayroll-stave-off-budget-collapse-17923\/<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Yeni y\u0131l, T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki 2016\u2019n\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk heyetinin Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki kom\u015fu \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ziyaretten \u00f6nce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10313],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10378"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25124,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378\/revisions\/25124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/span>: Yeni y\u0131l, T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki 2016\u2019n\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk heyetinin Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki kom\u015fu \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ziyaretten \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fcrokratik ve siyasi temaslarla yat\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcndemde ise, \u00f6zellikle Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti (I\u015e\u0130D) ve K\u00fcrdistan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (PKK) yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. \u2018Ba\u015fika Konusu\u2019 tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi, ancak iki kom\u015fu aras\u0131nda birbirlerinin endi\u015felerini dikkate alma konusunda art\u0131k daha iyi bir ileti\u015fim var. Gerilimin azalmas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin sorunlar\u0131na odaklanma ihtiyac\u0131 iki \u00fclkeyi birlikte hareket etmeye zorlamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131nda daha yak\u0131n ekonomik i\u015f birli\u011fine duyulan ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda bu ziyaret olumlu bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sorunlar sadece bu ziyaretle sonlanmayabilir ancak art\u0131k bunlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, kabinedeki birka\u00e7 bakanla birlikte 7-8 Ocak 2017 tarihlerinde Irak\u2019a bir ziyarette bulundu.[1]<\/a> Bu ziyaret \u00f6ncesinde hem T\u00fcrkiye hem de Irak anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelme ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi konusuna a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131na dair olumlu a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu ziyaret 30 Aral\u0131k tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan ve Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi aras\u0131ndaki bir telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a> Bu telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi sonras\u0131nda Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi \u201cPKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmak i\u00e7in Irak topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul edemeyiz. Anayasam\u0131z da b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye izin vermez.\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.[3]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla her iki taraf da ziyaretin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir zemin olu\u015fturma hususunda \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ziyaret esnas\u0131nda her iki taraf da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015f, ancak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde ekonomi, e\u011fitim ve tar\u0131m meseleleri de konu\u015fulmu\u015ftur. Sonu\u00e7 bildirisi her iki \u00fclkenin de ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131 konusunda ortak bir tutum i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r.[4]<\/a> Ba\u011fdat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk heyeti Erbil\u2019e ge\u00e7mi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 burada I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge cephesini ziyaret ederken bakanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 da Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyarette bulunarak buradaki T\u00fcrk askerleri ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler bu ziyaretin \u00f6ncesinde, neredeyse son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 gergin olmu\u015ftur: Temel konular; PKK\u2019n\u0131n Irak\u2019taki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve T\u00fckiye\u2019nin Irak\u2019ta artmakta olan PKK faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin endi\u015fesi, Musul operasyonunu izleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te mezhep\u00e7ilik kayg\u0131lar\u0131, Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcnde I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele konusunda yerel g\u00fc\u00e7lere e\u011fitim veren T\u00fcrk birliklerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Musul\u2019da bir mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin buraya bir operasyonda bulunma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin endi\u015felerdir. Bu ziyaretle her iki taraf da iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi azaltma ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadeleye odaklanma niyetinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu ziyaretin do\u011frudan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok erken olsa da bu kez her iki ba\u015fkentin de medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla konu\u015fmak yerine birbirleriyle do\u011frudan ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7meyi se\u00e7mi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<\/div> Ziyaretin \u0130kili ve B\u00f6lgesel Arka Plan\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ba\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve Irak\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara son verme ve b\u00f6lgedeki pek \u00e7ok sorunla m\u00fccadelelerinde i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde olma iste\u011finin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak yorumlanabilir. T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki ikili ili\u015fkiler 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fc nedeniyle gerginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lge Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ndeki (KBY) birliklerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, Musul halk\u0131n\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele konusunda e\u011fitmek ve PKK\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n alanlarda faaliyetlerini art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla, Ba\u015fika b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerinin Ba\u015fika\u2019da bulunu\u015funun amac\u0131n\u0131n yerel g\u00fc\u00e7leri I\u015e\u0130D ile sava\u015fmak \u00fczere e\u011fitmek yoluyla I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye yard\u0131m etmek oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan, Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin burada bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 egemenlik ihlali olarak yorumlam\u0131\u015f ve bu birliklerin buradan \u00e7ekilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130kili ili\u015fkilerin farkl\u0131 niteliklerini g\u00f6stermek ve mevcut ili\u015fkilerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek konusunda Irakl\u0131 mevkida\u015flar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye destek olmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla baz\u0131 bakanlar da bu ziyarette Ba\u015fbakan\u2019a e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele her iki \u00fclkenin g\u00fcndeminin \u00fcst s\u0131ralar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kuzey Suriye\u2019deki F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Harek\u00e2t\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden I\u015e\u0130D\u2019i ortadan kald\u0131rma kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesidir. I\u015e\u0130D pek \u00e7ok kez T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e destek verdi\u011fi ya da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6stermemi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi as\u0131ls\u0131z iddialar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve \u00f6tesinde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemlerle son bulmu\u015ftur. Suriye\u2019nin kuzeyinde s\u00fcren operasyonlar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen operasyonlarda \u00f6nde gelen bir akt\u00f6r olarak bu tehdidi ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ne kadar kararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irakl\u0131 baz\u0131 siyasi fig\u00fcrlerin T\u00fcrkiye aleyhindeki iddialar\u0131na etkin bir cevap olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n I\u015e\u0130D tehdidinin yan\u0131nda- ve belki de bundan daha \u00f6nemli olarak- PKK tehdidi de hem d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda hem de Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndeminde yer almaktad\u0131r. Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi\u2019nin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ziyaretinden \u00f6nce verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ba\u011fdat y\u00f6netiminden beklentilerine cevap anlam\u0131nda olumlu bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. PKK\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan finanse edildi\u011fi ve onlara silah sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki daha \u00f6nceki iddialara ra\u011fmen,[7]<\/a> Irak yetkilileri topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelere ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemediklerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmi\u015flerdir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n I\u015e\u0130D Tehdidi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak aras\u0131ndaki buzlar\u0131n yak\u0131n zaman \u00f6nce erimesinin ard\u0131nda birka\u00e7 neden vard\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce I\u015e\u0130D tehdidi iki \u00fclkeyi yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul\u2019u \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirme operasyonu 2016 sonbahar\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve operasyonlar bir s\u00fcre iyi gitmi\u015ftir. Ancak halihaz\u0131rdaki ko\u015fullar umut verici de\u011fildir. Irakl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kayb\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kentteki direni\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Musul\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7 ila alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.[9]<\/a> Hatta baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler bu operasyonun iki y\u0131l kadar uzayabilece\u011fini bile iddia etmektedir. Bu sebepledir ki bu m\u00fccadelede Irak\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ile birlikte hareket etmesi kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Ba\u011fdat h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin hen\u00fcz Musul I\u015e\u0130D taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmeden \u00f6nce izledi\u011fi politikalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, yerel halk\u0131n ve b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik Musul\u2019da I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e y\u00f6nelik operasyona ili\u015fkin endi\u015feler nedeniyle 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131 boyunca y\u00fcksek bir seviyedeydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kayg\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde baz\u0131 Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi \u00fcyelerinin Musul\u2019la ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n mezhepsel tonuna, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Telafer\u2019de mezhep \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131 tehlikesine ve Sincar b\u00f6lgesindeki PKK \u00fcyelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkindi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu t\u00fcr kayg\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak Irak, Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcndeki T\u00fcrk askerlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kuzey Irak\u2019ta Suriye\u2019deki F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131 Operasyonu\u2019na benzer bir T\u00fcrk askeri operasyonunun olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle endi\u015feliydi. T\u00fcrk b\u00fcrokratlar Irak\u2019\u0131n bu konudaki endi\u015felerini gidermek i\u00e7in Ekim\u2019de Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015f ve Irak\u2019taki mevkida\u015flar\u0131yla olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[10]<\/a> Bu ziyaretin ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden sonra iki kom\u015fu aras\u0131ndaki gerginlik azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye ve Irak ekonomi alan\u0131nda da birbirine ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. Irak, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca T\u00fcrk \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir pazar olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitler ve i\u015f insanlar\u0131 Irak\u2019ta y\u0131llard\u0131r olduk\u00e7a faal olmu\u015ftur. Irak, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in Musul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmesinden ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Almanya\u2019dan sonra en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci d\u0131\u015f pazard\u0131. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda T\u00fcrkiye ile Irak aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ticaret 12 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[11]<\/a> Ancak son iki y\u0131lda, Irak\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131 bu rakamlarda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe neden olmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2016\u2019da Irak\u2019a ihracat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyar dolara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00e7edeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar da T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketlerinin Irak\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden \u00e7ekilmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Irak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da T\u00fcrkiye ile ticaret k\u00e2rl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler kalite bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avrupal\u0131 emsalleri ile rekabet etmektedir ve makul fiyatlar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Lojistik kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da T\u00fcrk \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini Irak pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a eri\u015filebilir k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Saddam d\u00f6neminde y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren sava\u015f ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, Saddam\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra s\u00fcrmekte olan istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele \u00fclkenin alt yap\u0131s\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar vermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk in\u015faat \u015firketleri spor stadyumlar\u0131, yeni yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 ve elektrik \u00fcretme projeleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere Irak genelinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Irak halk\u0131 temel hizmetler i\u00e7in dahi T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine g\u00fcvenmi\u015ftir. Ortak bildirgede, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131na yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar, bu alanda Irak\u2019\u0131n beklentilerinin d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermektedir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00e7edeki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar Irak\u2019ta pek \u00e7ok projenin ertelenmesine ya da iptal edilmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti petrol \u00fcretimini g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyon varile \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu gelir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesi, \u015fehirlerin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na ve elektrik \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik yeni altyap\u0131 projelerine ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. Bu sorunlar Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ve yerel \u015firketlerin T\u00fcrk \u015firketlerine \u00f6deme yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir ve bu \u015firketler Irak\u2019taki faaliyetlerini azaltmaktad\u0131r.[13]<\/a> Bu sadece merkezi y\u00f6netim i\u00e7in de\u011fil K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00f6netimi (KBY) i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n Erbil Ziyareti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ba\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Irak ziyaretinin ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc KBY\u2019de ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ba\u011fdat\u2019la oldu\u011fu gibi Erbil ile ili\u015fkiler de g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomik zorluklardan olduk\u00e7a etkilenmektedir. I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden ka\u00e7an m\u00fclteciler, petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ften ciddi bi\u00e7imde etkilenen KBY b\u00fct\u00e7esine a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck binmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[14]<\/a> G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomi birlikte dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda KBY\u2019ye yap\u0131lan bu ziyaret iki taraf\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. PKK\u2019n\u0131n KBY\u2019de ve son zamanlarda Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak\u2019ta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nemli g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131ndan biridir. T\u00fcrk bakanlar Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyarette bulunurken T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge\u2019yi ziyaret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda hem I\u015e\u0130D ve hem PKK T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve KBY\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Ankara ve Erbil aras\u0131nda bir i\u015f birli\u011finden bahsedebiliriz. PKK\u2019n\u0131n Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi, Barzani y\u00f6netimindeki KBY i\u00e7in de bir sorun olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen KBY\u2019nin, K\u00fcrtlerin menfaatine kar\u015f\u0131 hareket etti\u011fine ili\u015fkin olas\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler nedeniyle PKK\u2019y\u0131 KBY\u2019den \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapacak bir konumda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve PKK\u2019y\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 bir koz olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 da iddia edilebilir.<\/p>\n PKK, KBY Pe\u015fmergesinin Ezidi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 korumada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden Sincar\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sincar\u2019daki performans\u0131 Pe\u015fmerge\u2019nin imaj\u0131n\u0131 zedelemi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D tehdidinin azalmas\u0131yla Sincar\u2019daki halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 PKK\u2019n\u0131n ideolojisini ve y\u00f6ntemlerini sorgulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arg\u00fcmanlara ra\u011fmen Sincar\u2019da g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7evresinde dramatik bir de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a erkendir. Mevcut ko\u015fullarda KBY Pe\u015fmergesinin ya da Irak ordusunun Sincar\u2019da PKK\u2019yla ili\u015fkili gruplara y\u00f6nelik askeri bir operasyon y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Ezidileri Pe\u015fmerge ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmaya ikna etmek daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Sincar\u2019da PKK\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verilmesine y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen KBY, Ba\u011fdat ve Ezidileri buna gerek oldu\u011funa ikna etmek biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n Irak\u2019taki B\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in Sorunlar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Irak\u2019taki en \u00f6nemli sorunlardan bir \u00fclkenin hem toplum hem de siyasi akt\u00f6rler anlam\u0131nda par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131da olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Merkezi y\u00f6netim ve KBY aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin zorlu\u011funun yan\u0131nda Irak merkezi idaresi ve KBY\u2019de farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezhepsel gruplar aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne zor se\u00e7enekler koymaktad\u0131r. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek herhangi bir siyaset Irak toplumunun bir kesimini tatmin edecek di\u011ferlerini ise yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eii Araplar \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturmakta ve \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fclkenin orta ve g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Irak\u2019taki di\u011fer gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 siyasal ve ekonomik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma anlam\u0131nda birlik olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, ideolojik ve ekonomik konumlar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u015eii Arap gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzla\u015fmazl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131k T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Irak\u2019taki \u015eii gruplara y\u00f6nelik bir politika geli\u015ftirmesini daha da \u00e7etrefilli bir hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n S\u00fcnni gruplar aras\u0131nda daha derin anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Zira I\u015e\u0130D bu durumdan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fayda sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Saddam sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan \u00e7evre ileri gelen S\u00fcnni siyaset\u00e7ilere \u00e7ok az se\u00e7enek sunmu\u015ftur: \u00dclkeyi terk etmek, suikasta kurban gitmek ya da \u00f6nde gelen gruplarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmak gibi. Bu \u00f6nderlik ve birlik sorunlar\u0131 Irak\u2019taki S\u00fcnni Araplar i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n Irak K\u00fcrtleri de Saddam sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te siyasi ve ekonomik avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma amac\u0131nda ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru ilerleme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Bu hedefin \u00e7ekicili\u011fine ra\u011fmen I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 KBY i\u00e7in ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik sorunu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Buna ek olarak petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak petrol ihracat\u0131na ili\u015fkin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar istenmeyen bir duruma yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu atmosfer KBY i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131 K\u00fcrt gruplar aras\u0131ndaki hiziple\u015fmeyi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u011fdat gibi Erbil de i\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve ekonomik sorunlarla m\u00fccadele etmektedir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmenler de I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Irak\u2019ta ilerlemesinden etkilenmektedir. T\u00fcrkmenler\u2019in b\u00f6lgesi I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 operasyonlardan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Irak\u2019taki farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezhepsel gruplar aras\u0131nda yukar\u0131da bahsedilen b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler T\u00fcrkmen az\u0131nl\u0131klar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele T\u00fcrkmenler aras\u0131nda sekter bir u\u00e7urum olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Irak\u2019\u0131n par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bu foto\u011fraf dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00fclkedeki farkl\u0131 gruplar\u0131 tatmin edecek politikalar geli\u015ftirmek kolay de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6ylesi bir atmosferde b\u00f6lgedeki kendi g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermektedir. Buna ek olarak, olumsuz ekonomik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye ra\u011fmen Irak ile ticaretini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel ko\u015fullar ve i\u00e7 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k, Irak ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenlik ve ekonomi alanlar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen i\u015f birli\u011finde \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u015eimdi bu d\u00f6nemi sonland\u0131rma ve yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatmaya y\u00f6nelik daha umut verici sonu\u00e7lar sa\u011flamas\u0131 muhtemel \u00e7abalara tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak, T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Irak ziyareti iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir ba\u015fka ad\u0131md\u0131r. Ancak iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar sadece bu ziyaretle sona ermeyecektir. Irakl\u0131 yetkililerin T\u00fcrk bakanlar\u0131n Ba\u015fika askeri \u00fcss\u00fcne ziyaretine ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirileri bunun g\u00f6stergesidir. Bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131klardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ikili ili\u015fkileri etkilemeye devam edecektir. Ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ortak bildiri ise, iki ba\u015fkentin de ter\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve birbirini su\u00e7lamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin fark\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. G\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 ve ekonomik zorluklar iki \u00fclkeyi birbirine do\u011fru itmektedir. \u0130ki \u00fclkenin siyaset\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndaki diyalog her iki \u00fclkede de toplumsal d\u00fczeye olumlu bir bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Siyasi fig\u00fcrler aras\u0131ndaki olumsuz atmosfer her iki tarafta da olumsuz alg\u0131lara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Irak\u2019taki ve b\u00f6lgedeki sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi gelecekte Ankara ve Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131nda kesinlikle ba\u015fka sorunlara da gebedir. Ancak \u015fimdilik, bu ziyaret her iki taraf\u0131n da bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in birbiri ile konu\u015fma niyetinde oldu\u011funun sinyallerini vermektedir.<\/p>\n Referanslar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> “Ba\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Irak’ta.” Anadolu Ajans. 07.01.2017 http:\/\/aa.com.tr\/tr\/gunun-basliklari\/basbakan-yildirim-irakta\/721983<\/a><\/p>\n Ba\u015fbakan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a Ekonomiden Sorumlu Bakan Nihat Zeybek\u00e7i, Enerji ve Do\u011fal Kaynaklar Bakan\u0131 Berat Albayrak, Sanayii ve Ticaret Bakan\u0131 B\u00fclent T\u00fcfenk\u00e7i, Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 \u0130smet Y\u0131lmaz ve Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Fikri I\u015f\u0131k e\u015flik ediyordu.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Haydar El \u0130badi telefonda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u201d CNN T\u00fcrk. 30.12.2016. http:\/\/www.cnnturk.com\/turkiye\/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-irak-basbakani-haydar-el-ibadi-telefonda-gorustu<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> \u201cIraq\u2019s Abadi takes anti-PKK stance before Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019s visit.\u201d H\u00fcrriyet Daily News. 04.01.2017. http:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/iraqs-abadi-takes-anti-pkkstance-before-yildirims-visit.aspx?PageID=238&NID=108119&NewsCatID=352<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak\u2019tan Ortak Bildiri\u201d Yeni \u015eafak. 07.01.2017. http:\/\/www.yenisafak.com\/dunya\/turkiye-ve-iraktan-ortak-bildiri-2593175<\/a><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> “Bakanlar\u0131m\u0131z Ba\u015fika Kamp\u0131’ndaki askerlerimizle bir araya geldi ” NTV. 08.01.2017. http:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/bakanlarimiz-basika-kampindaki-askerlerimizle-bir-araya-geldi,dJ8c0_55RE6F7Mk7aF3VXQ<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u201cIrak: T\u00fcrk askerleri Ba\u015fika’dan hemen \u00e7ekilmeli\u201d BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. 05.12.2015. http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler\/2015\/12\/151205_irak_musul_turkiye<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u201cIrak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti PKK\u2019ya Silah Verecek\u201d H\u00fcrriyet. 30.11.2016. http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/irak-hukumeti-pkkya-silah-verecek-40292284<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> \u201cIrak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi’den PKK’ya uyar\u0131\u201d Ensonhaber. 03.01.2017. http:\/\/www.ensonhaber.com\/irak-basbakani-ibadiden-pkkya-uyari-2017-01-03.html<\/a><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> \u201c\u0130badi: Musul\u2019u I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den Almak 3 Ay S\u00fcrer\u201d \u0130lkehaber. 27.12.2016. http:\/\/www.ilkehaber.com\/haber\/ibadi-musulu-isidden-almak-3-ay-surer-41469.htm<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/a> \u201cD\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan Ba\u011fdat’a \u00f6nemli ziyaret\u201d TRT Haber. 17.10.2016. http:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/disisleri-bakanligindan-bagdata-onemli-ziyaret-277393.html<\/a><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> Irak’\u0131n Ekonomisi\u201d T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. 15.1.2017. http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/irak-ekonomisi.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Irak’tan ortak bildiri\u201d TRT Haber. 07.01.2017. http:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/turkiye-ve-iraktan-ortak-bildiri-292609.html<\/a><\/p>\n [13]<\/a> \u201cT\u00fcrk m\u00fcteahhitlerinin Irak’taki ‘alacak’ sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcyor!\u201d Milliyet. 26.08.2016. http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/turk-muteahhitlerinin-irak-taki-ekonomi-2301441\/<\/a><\/p>\n [14]<\/a> \u201cKRG slashes payroll to stave off budget collapse.\u201d Iraq Oil Report. 04.02.2016. http:\/\/www.iraqoilreport.com\/news\/krg-slashespayroll-stave-off-budget-collapse-17923\/<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div> Yeni y\u0131l, T\u00fcrk ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki 2016\u2019n\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ele\u015ftirel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Ba\u015fbakan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131k etti\u011fi bir T\u00fcrk heyetinin Ba\u011fdat ve Erbil\u2019e ziyarette bulunmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki kom\u015fu \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki gerilim, ziyaretten \u00f6nce<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10313],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10378"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25124,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10378\/revisions\/25124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10378"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}