![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Mesut-O\u0308zcan-150x150.png\" "\\"\\"")
Mesut Ozcan<\/a> <\/i> 16 Mart 2018<\/span><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ \/ B\u00f6lgesel Ekonomi<\/a><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong>: Irak\u2019\u0131n Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019ni (I\u015e\u0130D) yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fine benzer bir senaryonun tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve \u00fclkeyi yeniden in\u015fa etmektir. Bu noktada Kuveyt, Ba\u015fbakan Haydar \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00e7abalar\u0131na destek vermek \u00fczere, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti burada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmaya ikna etmek \u00fczere yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir yol haritas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan taahh\u00fct edilen mebla\u011f Irak\u2019\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funun hayli alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde c\u00f6mert olmamalar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 nedeni vard\u0131r. Bu nedenler aras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 toplumun son yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Irak\u2019ta harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paraya ili\u015fkin t\u00fckenmi\u015flik, Irak\u2019\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 ve yolsuzluk sorunu say\u0131labilir. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, yetmi\u015ften fazla \u00fclkenin ve baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n temsilcilerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Irak\u2019la dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri sava\u015ftan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 konusuyla di\u011ferlerinden daha ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Irak\u2019\u0131n ve uluslararas\u0131 toplumun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131, \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D gibi ter\u00f6r gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2bus senaryolar\u0131 ile g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 ve m\u00fclteci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da sebep oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek konular\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/span>
\nIrak\u2019\u0131n Yeniden \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 ve Kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Kuveyt Konferans\u0131 13-15 \u015eubat 2018 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kuveyt\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, yetmi\u015ften fazla \u00fclkeden temsilciyi \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan deste\u011fi Irak\u2019a sa\u011flamak \u00fczere bir araya getirmi\u015ftir. Sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmetler de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ve Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131ndaki f\u0131rsatlarla ilgilenen uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketler de konferansa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019ta insanlar\u0131n on y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkeden kaynaklanan g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri y\u0131llard\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00fcndeminde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer almaktad\u0131r. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadele \u00fclkenin zaten k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan altyap\u0131s\u0131na da ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde zarar vermi\u015ftir. Kuveyt, benzer bir senaryonun gelecekte yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek \u00fczere, BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile \u00fclkeleri, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Irak\u2019ta yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olan uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketleri bir araya getirmeye \u00f6n ayak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\nTarihin Bir \u0130ronisi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nIrak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 bir konferans\u0131n 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Saddam rejiminin i\u015fgalinden \u00e7ok \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan Kuveyt\u2019te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ironiktir. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131, b\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Irak, 1990-1991 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda verdi\u011fi zarar nedeniyle Kuveyt\u2019e h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fckl\u00fc bir mebla\u011f bor\u00e7ludur. Kuveyt, Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019i i\u015fgalinden ve K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nce dahi, \u0130ran-Irak sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Irak\u2019a milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k kredi vermi\u015ftir. Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019e ve di\u011fer K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine olan borcu bu i\u015fgalin nedenlerinden biridir. T\u00fcm bu tarihi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran Kuveytli liderler s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla bo\u011fu\u015fan kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sosyal, ekonomik ve g\u00fcvenlik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n dallan\u0131p budaklanmas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok akt\u00f6r\u00fcn bu konferansa kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hususunda ilgilenmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuveytli liderler bu zorluklar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate alarak inisiyatif alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bir konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapmak Kuveyt\u2019in b\u00f6lge politikas\u0131na uygundur. Kuveyt Emiri ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Katar ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki kriz s\u00fcresince uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir rol oynama aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Kuveyt liderli\u011fi ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kriz i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelere insani yard\u0131m sa\u011flamada da \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00fcndeminde Irak yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fme Irak\u2019\u0131n pek \u00e7ok k\u0131sm\u0131nda ancak \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde devasa y\u0131k\u0131mlara neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00dclke i\u00e7inde ve \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru olarak yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n peri\u015fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Irak\u2019\u0131n ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. I\u015e\u0130D gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gruplar\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin halk\u0131na temel hizmetleri sa\u011flamadaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve devlet ile toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimleri aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrememesinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rda tutmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin sekter tutumlar\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a ilgisi vard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnlerde Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda mezhep\u00e7i bir g\u00fcndemden sak\u0131nma konusunda yayg\u0131n bir anlay\u0131\u015f vard\u0131r. Ancak gelecekteki Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri kentlerin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 bir plan olu\u015fturmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur ve farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezheplerden vatanda\u015flar\u0131n beklentilerini kar\u015f\u0131layamazsa gelecekte de benzer sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Irak \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardaki y\u0131k\u0131m dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Irak\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme tela\u015f\u0131yla, Ba\u011fdat ve kom\u015fu Arap \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda irtibat\u0131n artmakta oldu\u011funa tan\u0131k olmaktay\u0131z. Sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda m\u00fc\u015fterek ilginin bir i\u015fareti olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey ziyaretlerde bulunulmu\u015ftu. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Ba\u015fbakan \u0130badi\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, di\u011fer kom\u015fularla ili\u015fkilerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi \u0130ran etkisini dengelemenin iyi bir yoludur. Petrol ihracat\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen Irak\u2019\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa zamanda yeniden in\u015fa etmeye yeterli de\u011fildir. Kom\u015fu devletlerin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fclkenin yeniden imar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak ve Irak halk\u0131n\u0131n kalplerini ve ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak, Irak\u2019taki \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 dengeleme \u00e7abalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eiilerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyi ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n petrol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksul oldu\u011funu dikkate alarak, S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermiyor oldu\u011fu genel kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfusun baz\u0131 kesimlerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e verdi\u011fi destek de baz\u0131 Irakl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131rlanmakta ve bu insanlar I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in para harcamak i\u00e7in acele etmemektedir. Musul gibi baz\u0131 kentlerdeki yerel yetkililer yeniden yap\u0131lanma i\u00e7in para istedi\u011finde \u201cK\u00f6rfezdeki dostlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmeye\u201d te\u015fvik edilmektedir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\nYeniden \u0130n\u015fa \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nI\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131nda koalisyonun hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile intihar eylemleri Musul\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BM\u2019nin tahminlerine g\u00f6re sadece Musul\u2019da 40,000 civar\u0131nda ev harap olmu\u015ftur ve yeniden in\u015fa edilmesi gerekmektedir.[2]<\/a> Irakl\u0131 yetkililer ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re ise Irak\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde sadece konutlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in 17 milyar dolar gerekmektedir.[3]<\/a> Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi ise \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm projeler i\u00e7in toplam 88,3 milyar dolara ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu devasa bir tutard\u0131r ve Irakl\u0131 yetkililer b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin bunu kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\nIrakl\u0131 yetkililer, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma planlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle istihdam sa\u011flama ve yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in temel ihtiya\u00e7lar olan hastane, okul, ev, yol ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden imar\u0131na ve geli\u015ftirilmesine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vereceklerini belirtmektedir.[4]<\/a> I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den temizlenmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00fcvenlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u015fu anda g\u00f6rece istikrarl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Irak\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda elektrik ve su gibi temel hizmetler sa\u011flanamamakta, bu da \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n evlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne engel olmaktad\u0131r. Bu hizmetlerin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, i\u015fsizlik sorunu da yerinden edilmi\u015f Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n evlerine geri d\u00f6nmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bir ba\u015fka engeldir. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu problemlere \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmak \u00fczere Kuveyt Konferans\u0131 i\u00e7in 157 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma projesi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019\u0131n \u0130mar Bakan\u0131 Kuzey Abd\u00fclfettah \u00fclkesinin 22 milyar dolar\u0131 acil olmak \u00fczere 88 milyar dolara ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\nBM ve Di\u011fer Uluslararas\u0131 Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nBM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres Konferans\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yeniden yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak \u00fczere bir program ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur. BM bu ba\u011flamda, bu program\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 1 milyar dolar kullanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Guterres, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Irak halk\u0131na borcu oldu\u011funu ve Irak halk\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. BM\u2019nin Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan, bir taraftan yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya, di\u011fer tarafta \u015fiddetin tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik stratejisine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermesidir.[6]<\/a> Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklara tam olarak riayet edilmelidir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da Irak\u2019taki 1,5 milyondan fazla yoksul ailenin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in 300 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir projesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\nIrak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ile i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00fclkenin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131, \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u0131sa, orta ve uzun vadeli perspektifler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu plan ve projelerde okullar\u0131n, hastanelerin, yollar\u0131n, su ve elektrik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verilen yedi vilayet (Enbar, Babil, Ba\u011fdat, Diyala, Kerk\u00fck, Ninova ve Selahaddin) hedeflenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 bu projelere ek olarak, \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda geli\u015fme sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in istihdam olanaklar\u0131 yaratmak ve olumlu bir \u00e7evre olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla teknik destek sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemektedir.[7]<\/a> D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Irak\u2019\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 petrol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kademeli olarak azalarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik geli\u015fmeye izin verecek bir i\u015f \u00e7evresine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\nKonferanstan \u00f6nce Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu etkinlikten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fayda sa\u011flamak ve \u00fclkeleri, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmaya ikna etmek i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sunacak kurumsal mekanizmalar\u0131, mali stratejileri ve izlenecek ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan k\u0131lavuzlar haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[8]<\/a> Bu haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015fini olduk\u00e7a ciddiye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6revini yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\nIrak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in taahh\u00fct edilen farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerdeki rakamlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 30 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mebla\u011f i\u00e7indeki paran\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in kredi olarak teklif edilmi\u015ftir. Bu tutarda Kuveyt, T\u00fcrkiye ve Suudi Arabistan gibi kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin katk\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin destek s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan vaat edilen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 mebla\u011f g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulunca dikkate de\u011ferdir. Bu, Irak ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 perspektifler i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6lgenin i\u015fler devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda kendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
Taahh\u00fct edilen mebla\u011f Irakl\u0131 yetkililerin arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri kadar olsa da Irak\u2019la ve \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Devletlerden gelen deste\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de Irak\u2019taki projelere 330 milyon dolar taahh\u00fctte bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
BM ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun \u00fcyelerinin pek \u00e7o\u011fu Irak\u2019\u0131n sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan mali taleplerden kendilerini t\u00fckenmi\u015f hissetmektedir. Pek \u00e7o\u011fu 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki i\u015fgalin ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kayda de\u011fer \u00f6demeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn benzer bir \u00f6demeyi tekrar istekli bir bi\u00e7imde yapacak konumda de\u011fildir. Bu ba\u011flamda ABD\u2019li yetkililer bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeye, temel kurulu\u015flar\u0131 eski haline getirmek i\u00e7in zaten 150 milyon dolar ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunmu\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131, daha fazla katk\u0131 duyurusunda bulunmay\u0131 planlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan belirtmi\u015ftir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bu isteksizli\u011fi Irak\u2019\u0131n devasa do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip oldu\u011fu ve kendi yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 finanse edecek bir konumda bulundu\u011fu inanc\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir. Bu nedenle vaat edilen destek, Irak\u2019\u0131n uzun vadede geri \u00f6deyebilece\u011fi inanc\u0131yla, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kredi bi\u00e7imindedir. Irak\u2019\u0131n ulusal borcu yakla\u015f\u0131k 122 milyar dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.[9]<\/a> \u00dclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik projelerin finanse edilmesi i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan krediler bu borcu art\u0131racak ve finansal istikrara ili\u015fkin bir soru i\u015fareti olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nYolsuzluk Sorunu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nIrak\u2019\u0131n yinelenen y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na ek olarak uluslararas\u0131 toplumu finansal olarak katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan cayd\u0131ran bir di\u011fer sorun da yolsuzluktur. Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u0131ll\u0131k Yolsuzluk Alg\u0131 Endeksi\u2019ne g\u00f6re, Irak yolsuzluk anlam\u0131nda 176 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 166. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.[10]<\/a> \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lara katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in harcanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencesi vermek \u00fczere yolsuzlukla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler alaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130badi \u201cbir sonraki sava\u015f\u0131n yolsuzlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtmi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a> Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli \u00f6nceliklerden biri s\u00f6z verilen bu reformlar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nPek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi Irak\u2019\u0131n petrol rezervini \u00fclkenin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletebilecek tek ger\u00e7ek kaynak olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r artmakta olan petrol \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ihracat\u0131 iyile\u015fme umutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu i\u015faretlerdir. \u00dclkelerden ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flardan temsilcilerin Kuveyt Konferans\u0131\u2019nda bulunu\u015funa ek olarak baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin temsilcilerinin de Konferans\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etmektedir. 148 milyar varil kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f petrol rezervi olan Irak\u2019\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 99\u2019unu da petrol olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Irak, Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden \u00dclkeler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (OPEC) en \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerinden birisidir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\nIrak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 88 milyar dolar hedefine ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f olsa da Kuveyt\u2019teki konferans uluslararas\u0131 toplumun, baz\u0131 \u00e7ekinceleri olmakla birlikte, Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ilgi duymakta oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir. Konferans hakk\u0131nda di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli husus, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak neredeyse hi\u00e7bir akt\u00f6r\u00fcn Irak\u2019a finansman sa\u011flamak istememesidir. Irak, altyap\u0131s\u0131 tekrar tekrar harap olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, potansiyel do\u011fal rezervleri ile pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi ve kurulu\u015fu Ba\u011fdat\u2019a uzun vadede geri \u00f6demek \u00fczere kredi sa\u011flaman\u0131n daha iyi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk etmi\u015ftir. Konferans\u2019\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sonucu Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin ilgisidir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun di\u011fer \u00fcyelerine k\u0131yasla, Irak\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu daha b\u00fcy\u00fck mebla\u011flarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durum onlar\u0131n Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda siyasal ve ekonomik anlamda bu katk\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin faydas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Yolsuzluk d\u00fczeyi, \u00fclkeleri ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 cayd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130badi, bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in projelerin ve kredilerin yak\u0131ndan, dikkatlice incelenmesi s\u00f6z\u00fc vermektedir. \u0130badi\u2019nin pop\u00fclaritesi yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve etkilili\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilidir. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r Irak\u2019ta olanlar\u0131n trajik bir bi\u00e7imde tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olmamak i\u00e7in Irakl\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n da uluslararas\u0131 toplumun da birbirine ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Referanslar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n[1]<\/a> \u201cAfter ISIS, Iraqi cities in ruins with little cash to rebuild.\u201d CBS News, 28 Aral\u0131k 2017. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/after-isis-cities-mosul-iraq-in-ruinswith-little-cash-to-rebuild\/<\/a><\/p>\n[2]<\/a> \u201cKuwait summit promises $30 billion in Iraq reconstruction aid.\u201d DW, 14 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/kuwait-summit-promises-30-billion-in-iraqreconstruction-aid\/a-42586658<\/a><\/p>\n[3]<\/a> Robinson, Julian \u201cIraq\u2019s \u00a365 BILLION repair bill: Baghdad says war with ISIS has left more than 138,000 houses damaged and 2.5 million Iraqis are still displaced.\u201d Daily Mail, 13 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-5380959\/Devastated-Iraqseeks-90-billion-reconstruction.html<\/a><\/p>\n[4]<\/a> \u201cAid pledges in Kuwait conf. exeeded expectations – Iraqi PM.\u201d KUNA, 16 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.kuna.net.kw\/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2691993&Language=en&source=sum#<\/a><\/p>\n[5]<\/a> Chmaytelli, Maher ve Hagagy, Ahmed. \u201cIraq says reconstruction after war on Islamic State to cost $88 billion.\u201d Reuters, 12 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mideast-crisisiraq-reconstruction\/iraq-says-reconstructionafter-war-on-islamic-state-to-cost-88-billionidUSKBN1FW0JB?utm_source=34553&utm_medium=partner<\/a><\/p>\n[6]<\/a> \u201cActivities of Secretary-General in Kuwait, 13-15 February.\u201d United Nations, 2015 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2018\/sgt3203.doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n[7]<\/a> \u201cWorld Bank\u2019s Commitment to Iraq Reaches $4.7 Billion.\u201d World Bank, 14 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2018\/02\/13\/worldbanks-commitment-to-iraq-reaches-us47-billion<\/a><\/p>\n[8]<\/a> \u201cIraq Construction & Investment Part 1: Reconstruction and Development Framework.\u201d Kuwait International Conference for the Reconstruction of Iraq, \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/kicri.gov.kw\/media\/iraq_reconstruction_part1_v2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n[9]<\/a> \u201cIMF Executive Board Completes Second Review of Iraq\u2019s Stand-By Arrangement and the 2017 Article IV Consultation.\u201d Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu, 1 A\u011fustos 2017, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2017\/08\/01\/pr17311-imf-executive-boardcompletes-second-review-of-iraq-sba-and-the2017-article-iv-consultation<\/a><\/p>\n[10]<\/a>Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn web sayfalar\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z: https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/country\/IRQ<\/a><\/p>\n[11]<\/a> \u201cAbadi Promises War on Corruption.\u201d, Iraq Business News, 23 Kas\u0131m 2017, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.iraq-businessnews.com\/2017\/11\/23\/abadi-promises-war-oncorruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n[12]<\/a> \u201cIraq facts and figures.\u201d Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/about_us\/164.htm<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Irak\u2019\u0131n Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019ni (I\u015e\u0130D) yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fine benzer bir senaryonun tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve \u00fclkeyi yeniden in\u015fa etmektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[9816],"asf_pub_issue":[10314],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10386"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23897,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386\/revisions\/23897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ \/ B\u00f6lgesel Ekonomi<\/a><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong>: Irak\u2019\u0131n Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019ni (I\u015e\u0130D) yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fine benzer bir senaryonun tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve \u00fclkeyi yeniden in\u015fa etmektir. Bu noktada Kuveyt, Ba\u015fbakan Haydar \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00e7abalar\u0131na destek vermek \u00fczere, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti burada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmaya ikna etmek \u00fczere yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir yol haritas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan taahh\u00fct edilen mebla\u011f Irak\u2019\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funun hayli alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde c\u00f6mert olmamalar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 nedeni vard\u0131r. Bu nedenler aras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 toplumun son yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Irak\u2019ta harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paraya ili\u015fkin t\u00fckenmi\u015flik, Irak\u2019\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 ve yolsuzluk sorunu say\u0131labilir. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, yetmi\u015ften fazla \u00fclkenin ve baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n temsilcilerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Irak\u2019la dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri sava\u015ftan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 konusuyla di\u011ferlerinden daha ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Irak\u2019\u0131n ve uluslararas\u0131 toplumun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131, \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D gibi ter\u00f6r gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2bus senaryolar\u0131 ile g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 ve m\u00fclteci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da sebep oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek konular\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/span>
\nIrak\u2019\u0131n Yeniden \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 ve Kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Kuveyt Konferans\u0131 13-15 \u015eubat 2018 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kuveyt\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, yetmi\u015ften fazla \u00fclkeden temsilciyi \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan deste\u011fi Irak\u2019a sa\u011flamak \u00fczere bir araya getirmi\u015ftir. Sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmetler de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ve Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131ndaki f\u0131rsatlarla ilgilenen uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketler de konferansa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019ta insanlar\u0131n on y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkeden kaynaklanan g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri y\u0131llard\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00fcndeminde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer almaktad\u0131r. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadele \u00fclkenin zaten k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan altyap\u0131s\u0131na da ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde zarar vermi\u015ftir. Kuveyt, benzer bir senaryonun gelecekte yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek \u00fczere, BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile \u00fclkeleri, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Irak\u2019ta yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olan uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketleri bir araya getirmeye \u00f6n ayak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\nTarihin Bir \u0130ronisi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nIrak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 bir konferans\u0131n 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Saddam rejiminin i\u015fgalinden \u00e7ok \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan Kuveyt\u2019te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ironiktir. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131, b\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Irak, 1990-1991 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda verdi\u011fi zarar nedeniyle Kuveyt\u2019e h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fckl\u00fc bir mebla\u011f bor\u00e7ludur. Kuveyt, Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019i i\u015fgalinden ve K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nce dahi, \u0130ran-Irak sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Irak\u2019a milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k kredi vermi\u015ftir. Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019e ve di\u011fer K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine olan borcu bu i\u015fgalin nedenlerinden biridir. T\u00fcm bu tarihi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran Kuveytli liderler s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla bo\u011fu\u015fan kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sosyal, ekonomik ve g\u00fcvenlik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n dallan\u0131p budaklanmas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok akt\u00f6r\u00fcn bu konferansa kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hususunda ilgilenmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuveytli liderler bu zorluklar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate alarak inisiyatif alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bir konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapmak Kuveyt\u2019in b\u00f6lge politikas\u0131na uygundur. Kuveyt Emiri ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Katar ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki kriz s\u00fcresince uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir rol oynama aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Kuveyt liderli\u011fi ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kriz i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelere insani yard\u0131m sa\u011flamada da \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00fcndeminde Irak yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fme Irak\u2019\u0131n pek \u00e7ok k\u0131sm\u0131nda ancak \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde devasa y\u0131k\u0131mlara neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00dclke i\u00e7inde ve \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru olarak yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n peri\u015fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Irak\u2019\u0131n ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. I\u015e\u0130D gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gruplar\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin halk\u0131na temel hizmetleri sa\u011flamadaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve devlet ile toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimleri aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrememesinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rda tutmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin sekter tutumlar\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a ilgisi vard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnlerde Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda mezhep\u00e7i bir g\u00fcndemden sak\u0131nma konusunda yayg\u0131n bir anlay\u0131\u015f vard\u0131r. Ancak gelecekteki Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri kentlerin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 bir plan olu\u015fturmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur ve farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezheplerden vatanda\u015flar\u0131n beklentilerini kar\u015f\u0131layamazsa gelecekte de benzer sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Irak \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardaki y\u0131k\u0131m dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Irak\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme tela\u015f\u0131yla, Ba\u011fdat ve kom\u015fu Arap \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda irtibat\u0131n artmakta oldu\u011funa tan\u0131k olmaktay\u0131z. Sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda m\u00fc\u015fterek ilginin bir i\u015fareti olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey ziyaretlerde bulunulmu\u015ftu. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Ba\u015fbakan \u0130badi\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, di\u011fer kom\u015fularla ili\u015fkilerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi \u0130ran etkisini dengelemenin iyi bir yoludur. Petrol ihracat\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen Irak\u2019\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa zamanda yeniden in\u015fa etmeye yeterli de\u011fildir. Kom\u015fu devletlerin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fclkenin yeniden imar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak ve Irak halk\u0131n\u0131n kalplerini ve ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak, Irak\u2019taki \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 dengeleme \u00e7abalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eiilerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyi ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n petrol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksul oldu\u011funu dikkate alarak, S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermiyor oldu\u011fu genel kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfusun baz\u0131 kesimlerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e verdi\u011fi destek de baz\u0131 Irakl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131rlanmakta ve bu insanlar I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in para harcamak i\u00e7in acele etmemektedir. Musul gibi baz\u0131 kentlerdeki yerel yetkililer yeniden yap\u0131lanma i\u00e7in para istedi\u011finde \u201cK\u00f6rfezdeki dostlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmeye\u201d te\u015fvik edilmektedir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\nYeniden \u0130n\u015fa \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nI\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131nda koalisyonun hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile intihar eylemleri Musul\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BM\u2019nin tahminlerine g\u00f6re sadece Musul\u2019da 40,000 civar\u0131nda ev harap olmu\u015ftur ve yeniden in\u015fa edilmesi gerekmektedir.[2]<\/a> Irakl\u0131 yetkililer ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re ise Irak\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde sadece konutlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in 17 milyar dolar gerekmektedir.[3]<\/a> Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi ise \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm projeler i\u00e7in toplam 88,3 milyar dolara ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu devasa bir tutard\u0131r ve Irakl\u0131 yetkililer b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin bunu kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\nIrakl\u0131 yetkililer, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma planlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle istihdam sa\u011flama ve yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in temel ihtiya\u00e7lar olan hastane, okul, ev, yol ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden imar\u0131na ve geli\u015ftirilmesine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vereceklerini belirtmektedir.[4]<\/a> I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den temizlenmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00fcvenlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u015fu anda g\u00f6rece istikrarl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Irak\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda elektrik ve su gibi temel hizmetler sa\u011flanamamakta, bu da \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n evlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne engel olmaktad\u0131r. Bu hizmetlerin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, i\u015fsizlik sorunu da yerinden edilmi\u015f Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n evlerine geri d\u00f6nmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bir ba\u015fka engeldir. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu problemlere \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmak \u00fczere Kuveyt Konferans\u0131 i\u00e7in 157 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma projesi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019\u0131n \u0130mar Bakan\u0131 Kuzey Abd\u00fclfettah \u00fclkesinin 22 milyar dolar\u0131 acil olmak \u00fczere 88 milyar dolara ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\nBM ve Di\u011fer Uluslararas\u0131 Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nBM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres Konferans\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yeniden yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak \u00fczere bir program ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur. BM bu ba\u011flamda, bu program\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 1 milyar dolar kullanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Guterres, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Irak halk\u0131na borcu oldu\u011funu ve Irak halk\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. BM\u2019nin Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan, bir taraftan yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya, di\u011fer tarafta \u015fiddetin tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik stratejisine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermesidir.[6]<\/a> Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklara tam olarak riayet edilmelidir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da Irak\u2019taki 1,5 milyondan fazla yoksul ailenin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in 300 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir projesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\nIrak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ile i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00fclkenin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131, \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u0131sa, orta ve uzun vadeli perspektifler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu plan ve projelerde okullar\u0131n, hastanelerin, yollar\u0131n, su ve elektrik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verilen yedi vilayet (Enbar, Babil, Ba\u011fdat, Diyala, Kerk\u00fck, Ninova ve Selahaddin) hedeflenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 bu projelere ek olarak, \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda geli\u015fme sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in istihdam olanaklar\u0131 yaratmak ve olumlu bir \u00e7evre olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla teknik destek sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemektedir.[7]<\/a> D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Irak\u2019\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 petrol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kademeli olarak azalarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik geli\u015fmeye izin verecek bir i\u015f \u00e7evresine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\nKonferanstan \u00f6nce Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu etkinlikten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fayda sa\u011flamak ve \u00fclkeleri, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmaya ikna etmek i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sunacak kurumsal mekanizmalar\u0131, mali stratejileri ve izlenecek ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan k\u0131lavuzlar haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[8]<\/a> Bu haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015fini olduk\u00e7a ciddiye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6revini yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\nIrak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in taahh\u00fct edilen farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerdeki rakamlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 30 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mebla\u011f i\u00e7indeki paran\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in kredi olarak teklif edilmi\u015ftir. Bu tutarda Kuveyt, T\u00fcrkiye ve Suudi Arabistan gibi kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin katk\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin destek s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan vaat edilen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 mebla\u011f g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulunca dikkate de\u011ferdir. Bu, Irak ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 perspektifler i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6lgenin i\u015fler devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda kendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
Taahh\u00fct edilen mebla\u011f Irakl\u0131 yetkililerin arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri kadar olsa da Irak\u2019la ve \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Devletlerden gelen deste\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de Irak\u2019taki projelere 330 milyon dolar taahh\u00fctte bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
BM ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun \u00fcyelerinin pek \u00e7o\u011fu Irak\u2019\u0131n sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan mali taleplerden kendilerini t\u00fckenmi\u015f hissetmektedir. Pek \u00e7o\u011fu 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki i\u015fgalin ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kayda de\u011fer \u00f6demeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn benzer bir \u00f6demeyi tekrar istekli bir bi\u00e7imde yapacak konumda de\u011fildir. Bu ba\u011flamda ABD\u2019li yetkililer bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeye, temel kurulu\u015flar\u0131 eski haline getirmek i\u00e7in zaten 150 milyon dolar ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunmu\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131, daha fazla katk\u0131 duyurusunda bulunmay\u0131 planlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan belirtmi\u015ftir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bu isteksizli\u011fi Irak\u2019\u0131n devasa do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip oldu\u011fu ve kendi yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 finanse edecek bir konumda bulundu\u011fu inanc\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir. Bu nedenle vaat edilen destek, Irak\u2019\u0131n uzun vadede geri \u00f6deyebilece\u011fi inanc\u0131yla, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kredi bi\u00e7imindedir. Irak\u2019\u0131n ulusal borcu yakla\u015f\u0131k 122 milyar dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.[9]<\/a> \u00dclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik projelerin finanse edilmesi i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan krediler bu borcu art\u0131racak ve finansal istikrara ili\u015fkin bir soru i\u015fareti olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nYolsuzluk Sorunu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nIrak\u2019\u0131n yinelenen y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na ek olarak uluslararas\u0131 toplumu finansal olarak katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan cayd\u0131ran bir di\u011fer sorun da yolsuzluktur. Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u0131ll\u0131k Yolsuzluk Alg\u0131 Endeksi\u2019ne g\u00f6re, Irak yolsuzluk anlam\u0131nda 176 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 166. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.[10]<\/a> \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lara katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in harcanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencesi vermek \u00fczere yolsuzlukla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler alaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130badi \u201cbir sonraki sava\u015f\u0131n yolsuzlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtmi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a> Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli \u00f6nceliklerden biri s\u00f6z verilen bu reformlar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nPek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi Irak\u2019\u0131n petrol rezervini \u00fclkenin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletebilecek tek ger\u00e7ek kaynak olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r artmakta olan petrol \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ihracat\u0131 iyile\u015fme umutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu i\u015faretlerdir. \u00dclkelerden ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flardan temsilcilerin Kuveyt Konferans\u0131\u2019nda bulunu\u015funa ek olarak baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin temsilcilerinin de Konferans\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etmektedir. 148 milyar varil kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f petrol rezervi olan Irak\u2019\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 99\u2019unu da petrol olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Irak, Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden \u00dclkeler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (OPEC) en \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerinden birisidir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\nIrak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 88 milyar dolar hedefine ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f olsa da Kuveyt\u2019teki konferans uluslararas\u0131 toplumun, baz\u0131 \u00e7ekinceleri olmakla birlikte, Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ilgi duymakta oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir. Konferans hakk\u0131nda di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli husus, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak neredeyse hi\u00e7bir akt\u00f6r\u00fcn Irak\u2019a finansman sa\u011flamak istememesidir. Irak, altyap\u0131s\u0131 tekrar tekrar harap olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, potansiyel do\u011fal rezervleri ile pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi ve kurulu\u015fu Ba\u011fdat\u2019a uzun vadede geri \u00f6demek \u00fczere kredi sa\u011flaman\u0131n daha iyi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk etmi\u015ftir. Konferans\u2019\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sonucu Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin ilgisidir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun di\u011fer \u00fcyelerine k\u0131yasla, Irak\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu daha b\u00fcy\u00fck mebla\u011flarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durum onlar\u0131n Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda siyasal ve ekonomik anlamda bu katk\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin faydas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Yolsuzluk d\u00fczeyi, \u00fclkeleri ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 cayd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130badi, bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in projelerin ve kredilerin yak\u0131ndan, dikkatlice incelenmesi s\u00f6z\u00fc vermektedir. \u0130badi\u2019nin pop\u00fclaritesi yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve etkilili\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilidir. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r Irak\u2019ta olanlar\u0131n trajik bir bi\u00e7imde tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olmamak i\u00e7in Irakl\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n da uluslararas\u0131 toplumun da birbirine ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Referanslar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n[1]<\/a> \u201cAfter ISIS, Iraqi cities in ruins with little cash to rebuild.\u201d CBS News, 28 Aral\u0131k 2017. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/after-isis-cities-mosul-iraq-in-ruinswith-little-cash-to-rebuild\/<\/a><\/p>\n[2]<\/a> \u201cKuwait summit promises $30 billion in Iraq reconstruction aid.\u201d DW, 14 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/kuwait-summit-promises-30-billion-in-iraqreconstruction-aid\/a-42586658<\/a><\/p>\n[3]<\/a> Robinson, Julian \u201cIraq\u2019s \u00a365 BILLION repair bill: Baghdad says war with ISIS has left more than 138,000 houses damaged and 2.5 million Iraqis are still displaced.\u201d Daily Mail, 13 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-5380959\/Devastated-Iraqseeks-90-billion-reconstruction.html<\/a><\/p>\n[4]<\/a> \u201cAid pledges in Kuwait conf. exeeded expectations – Iraqi PM.\u201d KUNA, 16 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.kuna.net.kw\/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2691993&Language=en&source=sum#<\/a><\/p>\n[5]<\/a> Chmaytelli, Maher ve Hagagy, Ahmed. \u201cIraq says reconstruction after war on Islamic State to cost $88 billion.\u201d Reuters, 12 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mideast-crisisiraq-reconstruction\/iraq-says-reconstructionafter-war-on-islamic-state-to-cost-88-billionidUSKBN1FW0JB?utm_source=34553&utm_medium=partner<\/a><\/p>\n[6]<\/a> \u201cActivities of Secretary-General in Kuwait, 13-15 February.\u201d United Nations, 2015 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2018\/sgt3203.doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n[7]<\/a> \u201cWorld Bank\u2019s Commitment to Iraq Reaches $4.7 Billion.\u201d World Bank, 14 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2018\/02\/13\/worldbanks-commitment-to-iraq-reaches-us47-billion<\/a><\/p>\n[8]<\/a> \u201cIraq Construction & Investment Part 1: Reconstruction and Development Framework.\u201d Kuwait International Conference for the Reconstruction of Iraq, \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/kicri.gov.kw\/media\/iraq_reconstruction_part1_v2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n[9]<\/a> \u201cIMF Executive Board Completes Second Review of Iraq\u2019s Stand-By Arrangement and the 2017 Article IV Consultation.\u201d Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu, 1 A\u011fustos 2017, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2017\/08\/01\/pr17311-imf-executive-boardcompletes-second-review-of-iraq-sba-and-the2017-article-iv-consultation<\/a><\/p>\n[10]<\/a>Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn web sayfalar\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z: https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/country\/IRQ<\/a><\/p>\n[11]<\/a> \u201cAbadi Promises War on Corruption.\u201d, Iraq Business News, 23 Kas\u0131m 2017, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.iraq-businessnews.com\/2017\/11\/23\/abadi-promises-war-oncorruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n[12]<\/a> \u201cIraq facts and figures.\u201d Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/about_us\/164.htm<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Irak\u2019\u0131n Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019ni (I\u015e\u0130D) yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fine benzer bir senaryonun tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve \u00fclkeyi yeniden in\u015fa etmektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[9816],"asf_pub_issue":[10314],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10386"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23897,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386\/revisions\/23897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\u00d6zet<\/span><\/strong>: Irak\u2019\u0131n Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019ni (I\u015e\u0130D) yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fine benzer bir senaryonun tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve \u00fclkeyi yeniden in\u015fa etmektir. Bu noktada Kuveyt, Ba\u015fbakan Haydar \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00e7abalar\u0131na destek vermek \u00fczere, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti burada, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmaya ikna etmek \u00fczere yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir yol haritas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan taahh\u00fct edilen mebla\u011f Irak\u2019\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funun hayli alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemde c\u00f6mert olmamalar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 nedeni vard\u0131r. Bu nedenler aras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 toplumun son yirmi y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Irak\u2019ta harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paraya ili\u015fkin t\u00fckenmi\u015flik, Irak\u2019\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 ve yolsuzluk sorunu say\u0131labilir. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, yetmi\u015ften fazla \u00fclkenin ve baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n temsilcilerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Irak\u2019la dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri sava\u015ftan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 konusuyla di\u011ferlerinden daha ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Irak\u2019\u0131n ve uluslararas\u0131 toplumun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131, \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 ve I\u015e\u0130D gibi ter\u00f6r gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2bus senaryolar\u0131 ile g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 ve m\u00fclteci ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da sebep oldu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek konular\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/span> Tarihin Bir \u0130ronisi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 bir konferans\u0131n 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Saddam rejiminin i\u015fgalinden \u00e7ok \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan Kuveyt\u2019te yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ironiktir. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131, b\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Irak, 1990-1991 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda verdi\u011fi zarar nedeniyle Kuveyt\u2019e h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fckl\u00fc bir mebla\u011f bor\u00e7ludur. Kuveyt, Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019i i\u015fgalinden ve K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nce dahi, \u0130ran-Irak sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Irak\u2019a milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k kredi vermi\u015ftir. Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019e ve di\u011fer K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine olan borcu bu i\u015fgalin nedenlerinden biridir. T\u00fcm bu tarihi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran Kuveytli liderler s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla bo\u011fu\u015fan kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sosyal, ekonomik ve g\u00fcvenlik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 anlam\u0131nda Irak\u2019\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n dallan\u0131p budaklanmas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok akt\u00f6r\u00fcn bu konferansa kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hususunda ilgilenmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuveytli liderler bu zorluklar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 dikkate alarak inisiyatif alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bir konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapmak Kuveyt\u2019in b\u00f6lge politikas\u0131na uygundur. Kuveyt Emiri ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Katar ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki kriz s\u00fcresince uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir rol oynama aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Kuveyt liderli\u011fi ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kriz i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelere insani yard\u0131m sa\u011flamada da \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r, I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00fcndeminde Irak yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fme Irak\u2019\u0131n pek \u00e7ok k\u0131sm\u0131nda ancak \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde devasa y\u0131k\u0131mlara neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00dclke i\u00e7inde ve \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru olarak yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n peri\u015fanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Irak\u2019\u0131n ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. I\u015e\u0130D gibi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gruplar\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin halk\u0131na temel hizmetleri sa\u011flamadaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve devlet ile toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimleri aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrememesinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rda tutmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki baz\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin sekter tutumlar\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a ilgisi vard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnlerde Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda mezhep\u00e7i bir g\u00fcndemden sak\u0131nma konusunda yayg\u0131n bir anlay\u0131\u015f vard\u0131r. Ancak gelecekteki Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri kentlerin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 bir plan olu\u015fturmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur ve farkl\u0131 etnik ve mezheplerden vatanda\u015flar\u0131n beklentilerini kar\u015f\u0131layamazsa gelecekte de benzer sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Irak \u00fczerindeki etkisi ve S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlardaki y\u0131k\u0131m dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Irak\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme tela\u015f\u0131yla, Ba\u011fdat ve kom\u015fu Arap \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda irtibat\u0131n artmakta oldu\u011funa tan\u0131k olmaktay\u0131z. Sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda m\u00fc\u015fterek ilginin bir i\u015fareti olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey ziyaretlerde bulunulmu\u015ftu. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle Ba\u015fbakan \u0130badi\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, di\u011fer kom\u015fularla ili\u015fkilerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi \u0130ran etkisini dengelemenin iyi bir yoludur. Petrol ihracat\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen Irak\u2019\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa zamanda yeniden in\u015fa etmeye yeterli de\u011fildir. Kom\u015fu devletlerin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00fclkenin yeniden imar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak ve Irak halk\u0131n\u0131n kalplerini ve ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak, Irak\u2019taki \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 dengeleme \u00e7abalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eiilerin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n, \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneyi ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n petrol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yoksul oldu\u011funu dikkate alarak, S\u00fcnnilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermiyor oldu\u011fu genel kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfusun baz\u0131 kesimlerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e verdi\u011fi destek de baz\u0131 Irakl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131rlanmakta ve bu insanlar I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in para harcamak i\u00e7in acele etmemektedir. Musul gibi baz\u0131 kentlerdeki yerel yetkililer yeniden yap\u0131lanma i\u00e7in para istedi\u011finde \u201cK\u00f6rfezdeki dostlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmeye\u201d te\u015fvik edilmektedir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Yeniden \u0130n\u015fa \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ve I\u015e\u0130D\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131nda koalisyonun hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile intihar eylemleri Musul\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BM\u2019nin tahminlerine g\u00f6re sadece Musul\u2019da 40,000 civar\u0131nda ev harap olmu\u015ftur ve yeniden in\u015fa edilmesi gerekmektedir.[2]<\/a> Irakl\u0131 yetkililer ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re ise Irak\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde sadece konutlar\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in 17 milyar dolar gerekmektedir.[3]<\/a> Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 \u0130badi ise \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm projeler i\u00e7in toplam 88,3 milyar dolara ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu devasa bir tutard\u0131r ve Irakl\u0131 yetkililer b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin bunu kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yetmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n Irakl\u0131 yetkililer, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma planlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikle istihdam sa\u011flama ve yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in temel ihtiya\u00e7lar olan hastane, okul, ev, yol ve telekom\u00fcnikasyon altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden imar\u0131na ve geli\u015ftirilmesine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vereceklerini belirtmektedir.[4]<\/a> I\u015e\u0130D\u2019den temizlenmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00fcvenlik ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u015fu anda g\u00f6rece istikrarl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Irak\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda elektrik ve su gibi temel hizmetler sa\u011flanamamakta, bu da \u00fclke i\u00e7inde yerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n evlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne engel olmaktad\u0131r. Bu hizmetlerin bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, i\u015fsizlik sorunu da yerinden edilmi\u015f Irakl\u0131lar\u0131n evlerine geri d\u00f6nmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bir ba\u015fka engeldir. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bu problemlere \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmak \u00fczere Kuveyt Konferans\u0131 i\u00e7in 157 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma projesi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019\u0131n \u0130mar Bakan\u0131 Kuzey Abd\u00fclfettah \u00fclkesinin 22 milyar dolar\u0131 acil olmak \u00fczere 88 milyar dolara ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n BM ve Di\u011fer Uluslararas\u0131 Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n Rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n BM Genel Sekreteri Antonio Guterres Konferans\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yeniden yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak \u00fczere bir program ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur. BM bu ba\u011flamda, bu program\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in 1 milyar dolar kullanmak \u00fczere ba\u015fvuruda bulunmu\u015ftur. Guterres, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun Irak halk\u0131na borcu oldu\u011funu ve Irak halk\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. BM\u2019nin Irak\u2019a y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olan, bir taraftan yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya, di\u011fer tarafta \u015fiddetin tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye y\u00f6nelik stratejisine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermesidir.[6]<\/a> Bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklara tam olarak riayet edilmelidir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da Irak\u2019taki 1,5 milyondan fazla yoksul ailenin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in 300 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir projesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ile i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00fclkenin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131, \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u0131sa, orta ve uzun vadeli perspektifler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu plan ve projelerde okullar\u0131n, hastanelerin, yollar\u0131n, su ve elektrik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verilen yedi vilayet (Enbar, Babil, Ba\u011fdat, Diyala, Kerk\u00fck, Ninova ve Selahaddin) hedeflenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 bu projelere ek olarak, \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda geli\u015fme sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in istihdam olanaklar\u0131 yaratmak ve olumlu bir \u00e7evre olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla teknik destek sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemektedir.[7]<\/a> D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, Irak\u2019\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 petrol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kademeli olarak azalarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik geli\u015fmeye izin verecek bir i\u015f \u00e7evresine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Konferanstan \u00f6nce Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu etkinlikten m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fayda sa\u011flamak ve \u00fclkeleri, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmaya ikna etmek i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sunacak kurumsal mekanizmalar\u0131, mali stratejileri ve izlenecek ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan k\u0131lavuzlar haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[8]<\/a> Bu haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015fini olduk\u00e7a ciddiye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6revini yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in taahh\u00fct edilen farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerdeki rakamlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 30 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mebla\u011f i\u00e7indeki paran\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in kredi olarak teklif edilmi\u015ftir. Bu tutarda Kuveyt, T\u00fcrkiye ve Suudi Arabistan gibi kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin katk\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin destek s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan vaat edilen s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 mebla\u011f g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulunca dikkate de\u011ferdir. Bu, Irak ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019ya ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 perspektifler i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilebilir. T\u00fcrkiye, b\u00f6lgenin i\u015fler devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda kendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n Taahh\u00fct edilen mebla\u011f Irakl\u0131 yetkililerin arad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri kadar olsa da Irak\u2019la ve \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Devletlerden gelen deste\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri de Irak\u2019taki projelere 330 milyon dolar taahh\u00fctte bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n BM ve Irakl\u0131 siyaset\u00e7ilerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, uluslararas\u0131 toplumun \u00fcyelerinin pek \u00e7o\u011fu Irak\u2019\u0131n sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan mali taleplerden kendilerini t\u00fckenmi\u015f hissetmektedir. Pek \u00e7o\u011fu 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki i\u015fgalin ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kayda de\u011fer \u00f6demeler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn benzer bir \u00f6demeyi tekrar istekli bir bi\u00e7imde yapacak konumda de\u011fildir. Bu ba\u011flamda ABD\u2019li yetkililer bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeye, temel kurulu\u015flar\u0131 eski haline getirmek i\u00e7in zaten 150 milyon dolar ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunmu\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131, daha fazla katk\u0131 duyurusunda bulunmay\u0131 planlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan belirtmi\u015ftir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun bu isteksizli\u011fi Irak\u2019\u0131n devasa do\u011fal kaynaklara sahip oldu\u011fu ve kendi yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 finanse edecek bir konumda bulundu\u011fu inanc\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir. Bu nedenle vaat edilen destek, Irak\u2019\u0131n uzun vadede geri \u00f6deyebilece\u011fi inanc\u0131yla, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kredi bi\u00e7imindedir. Irak\u2019\u0131n ulusal borcu yakla\u015f\u0131k 122 milyar dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.[9]<\/a> \u00dclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik projelerin finanse edilmesi i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan krediler bu borcu art\u0131racak ve finansal istikrara ili\u015fkin bir soru i\u015fareti olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yolsuzluk Sorunu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Irak\u2019\u0131n yinelenen y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na ek olarak uluslararas\u0131 toplumu finansal olarak katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan cayd\u0131ran bir di\u011fer sorun da yolsuzluktur. Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn y\u0131ll\u0131k Yolsuzluk Alg\u0131 Endeksi\u2019ne g\u00f6re, Irak yolsuzluk anlam\u0131nda 176 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 166. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.[10]<\/a> \u0130badi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lara katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in harcanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencesi vermek \u00fczere yolsuzlukla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler alaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc vermi\u015ftir. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130badi \u201cbir sonraki sava\u015f\u0131n yolsuzlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtmi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a> Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli \u00f6nceliklerden biri s\u00f6z verilen bu reformlar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi Irak\u2019\u0131n petrol rezervini \u00fclkenin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletebilecek tek ger\u00e7ek kaynak olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r artmakta olan petrol \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ihracat\u0131 iyile\u015fme umutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu i\u015faretlerdir. \u00dclkelerden ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flardan temsilcilerin Kuveyt Konferans\u0131\u2019nda bulunu\u015funa ek olarak baz\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlerin temsilcilerinin de Konferans\u2019a kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret etmektedir. 148 milyar varil kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f petrol rezervi olan Irak\u2019\u0131n ihracat\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 99\u2019unu da petrol olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Irak, Petrol \u0130hra\u00e7 Eden \u00dclkeler \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (OPEC) en \u00f6nemli akt\u00f6rlerinden birisidir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 88 milyar dolar hedefine ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f olsa da Kuveyt\u2019teki konferans uluslararas\u0131 toplumun, baz\u0131 \u00e7ekinceleri olmakla birlikte, Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ilgi duymakta oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmektedir. Konferans hakk\u0131nda di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli husus, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak neredeyse hi\u00e7bir akt\u00f6r\u00fcn Irak\u2019a finansman sa\u011flamak istememesidir. Irak, altyap\u0131s\u0131 tekrar tekrar harap olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, potansiyel do\u011fal rezervleri ile pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkeyi ve kurulu\u015fu Ba\u011fdat\u2019a uzun vadede geri \u00f6demek \u00fczere kredi sa\u011flaman\u0131n daha iyi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye sevk etmi\u015ftir. Konferans\u2019\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sonucu Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin ilgisidir. Uluslararas\u0131 toplumun di\u011fer \u00fcyelerine k\u0131yasla, Irak\u2019\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fu daha b\u00fcy\u00fck mebla\u011flarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu durum onlar\u0131n Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda siyasal ve ekonomik anlamda bu katk\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin faydas\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Yolsuzluk d\u00fczeyi, \u00fclkeleri ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 cayd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130badi, bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in projelerin ve kredilerin yak\u0131ndan, dikkatlice incelenmesi s\u00f6z\u00fc vermektedir. \u0130badi\u2019nin pop\u00fclaritesi yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 ve etkilili\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilidir. Son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r Irak\u2019ta olanlar\u0131n trajik bir bi\u00e7imde tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131na tan\u0131k olmamak i\u00e7in Irakl\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n da uluslararas\u0131 toplumun da birbirine ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Referanslar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u201cAfter ISIS, Iraqi cities in ruins with little cash to rebuild.\u201d CBS News, 28 Aral\u0131k 2017. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/after-isis-cities-mosul-iraq-in-ruinswith-little-cash-to-rebuild\/<\/a><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u201cKuwait summit promises $30 billion in Iraq reconstruction aid.\u201d DW, 14 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/kuwait-summit-promises-30-billion-in-iraqreconstruction-aid\/a-42586658<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> Robinson, Julian \u201cIraq\u2019s \u00a365 BILLION repair bill: Baghdad says war with ISIS has left more than 138,000 houses damaged and 2.5 million Iraqis are still displaced.\u201d Daily Mail, 13 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-5380959\/Devastated-Iraqseeks-90-billion-reconstruction.html<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u201cAid pledges in Kuwait conf. exeeded expectations – Iraqi PM.\u201d KUNA, 16 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.kuna.net.kw\/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2691993&Language=en&source=sum#<\/a><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> Chmaytelli, Maher ve Hagagy, Ahmed. \u201cIraq says reconstruction after war on Islamic State to cost $88 billion.\u201d Reuters, 12 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mideast-crisisiraq-reconstruction\/iraq-says-reconstructionafter-war-on-islamic-state-to-cost-88-billionidUSKBN1FW0JB?utm_source=34553&utm_medium=partner<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u201cActivities of Secretary-General in Kuwait, 13-15 February.\u201d United Nations, 2015 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2018\/sgt3203.doc.htm<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u201cWorld Bank\u2019s Commitment to Iraq Reaches $4.7 Billion.\u201d World Bank, 14 \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2018\/02\/13\/worldbanks-commitment-to-iraq-reaches-us47-billion<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> \u201cIraq Construction & Investment Part 1: Reconstruction and Development Framework.\u201d Kuwait International Conference for the Reconstruction of Iraq, \u015eubat 2018. Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/kicri.gov.kw\/media\/iraq_reconstruction_part1_v2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> \u201cIMF Executive Board Completes Second Review of Iraq\u2019s Stand-By Arrangement and the 2017 Article IV Consultation.\u201d Uluslararas\u0131 Para Fonu, 1 A\u011fustos 2017, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2017\/08\/01\/pr17311-imf-executive-boardcompletes-second-review-of-iraq-sba-and-the2017-article-iv-consultation<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/a>Uluslararas\u0131 \u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn web sayfalar\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z: https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/country\/IRQ<\/a><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> \u201cAbadi Promises War on Corruption.\u201d, Iraq Business News, 23 Kas\u0131m 2017, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.iraq-businessnews.com\/2017\/11\/23\/abadi-promises-war-oncorruption\/<\/a><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> \u201cIraq facts and figures.\u201d Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Eri\u015fim tarihi 10 Mart 2018. http:\/\/www.opec.org\/opec_web\/en\/about_us\/164.htm<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div> Irak\u2019\u0131n Irak \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019ni (I\u015e\u0130D) yenilgiye u\u011fratmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fine benzer bir senaryonun tekrarlanmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve \u00fclkeyi yeniden in\u015fa etmektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[9816],"asf_pub_issue":[10314],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10386"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23897,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10386\/revisions\/23897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=10386"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=10386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nIrak\u2019\u0131n Yeniden \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 ve Kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Kuveyt Konferans\u0131 13-15 \u015eubat 2018 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Kuveyt\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, yetmi\u015ften fazla \u00fclkeden temsilciyi \u00fclkenin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan deste\u011fi Irak\u2019a sa\u011flamak \u00fczere bir araya getirmi\u015ftir. Sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmetler de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar ve Irak\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131ndaki f\u0131rsatlarla ilgilenen uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketler de konferansa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Irak\u2019ta insanlar\u0131n on y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkeden kaynaklanan g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri y\u0131llard\u0131r uluslararas\u0131 toplumun g\u00fcndeminde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer almaktad\u0131r. I\u015e\u0130D\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadele \u00fclkenin zaten k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan altyap\u0131s\u0131na da ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde zarar vermi\u015ftir. Kuveyt, benzer bir senaryonun gelecekte yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek \u00fczere, BM ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile \u00fclkeleri, uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Irak\u2019ta yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olan uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketleri bir araya getirmeye \u00f6n ayak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n