{"id":11698,"date":"2019-10-16T14:55:54","date_gmt":"2019-10-16T11:55:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/?p=11698"},"modified":"2020-08-31T17:24:52","modified_gmt":"2020-08-31T14:24:52","slug":"uluslararasi-hukuk-perspektifinden-dogu-akdenizdeki-sondaj-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/2019\/10\/16\/uluslararasi-hukuk-perspektifinden-dogu-akdenizdeki-sondaj-savasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk Perspektifinden Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki \u201cSondaj Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

8 Ekim 2019 tarihinde; M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunanistan ve G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netimi (bir\u00e7ok devlet taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti olarak tan\u0131nsa da bu yaz\u0131da GKRY olarak an\u0131lacakt\u0131r) T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetine Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de, K\u0131br\u0131s a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak niteledikleri sondaj faaliyetlerini durdurma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>. T\u00fcrkiye ise bu b\u00f6lgede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sondaj faaliyetlerinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki s\u00f6z konusu iddialar\u0131 reddetmektedir.<\/p>\n

Medeniyetlerin be\u015fi\u011fi olan Do\u011fu Akdeniz havzas\u0131, tarih boyunca say\u0131s\u0131z politik g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki sert ihtilaflara tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcne kadar bu ger\u00e7ek de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. H\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00f6lgesel akt\u00f6rlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finde olan k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7leri huzursuz eden hayati ihtilaflar mevcuttur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki en karma\u015f\u0131k ve ate\u015fli ihtilaflardan birisi ise Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olan bir\u00e7ok devletin havzadaki deniz alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde birbiriyle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan hak iddialar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan, Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) ve GKRY\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hak iddialar\u0131 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck deniz tatbikat\u0131 olan ve 103 askeri gemi ile birlikte binlerce askerin kat\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u201cMavi Vatan 2019<\/a>\u201d tatbikat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bunu M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunan ve GKRY ordular\u0131n\u0131n ortak askeri tatbikat\u0131 olan \u201cMedusa 8<\/a>\u201d izlemi\u015ftir. GKRY\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ve KKTC\u2019nin itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almaks\u0131z\u0131n \u0130srail ve M\u0131s\u0131r gibi baz\u0131 devletlerle deniz alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmas\u0131na ve yine T\u00fcrkiye ile KKTC\u2019nin hak iddia etti\u011fi deniz alanlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 enerji devi \u015firketlere sondaj ruhsat\u0131 verme karar\u0131na cevaben, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti K\u0131br\u0131s a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda baz\u0131 ke\u015fif ve sondaj faaliyetleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye zaten karar vermi\u015fti. Ancak 2019 yaz\u0131, T\u00fcrk band\u0131ral\u0131 sondaj gemileri Fatih ve Yavuz<\/a>\u2019un s\u0131ras\u0131yla 3 May\u0131s ve 7 Temmuz 2019 tarihlerinde a\u00e7\u0131k denizde sondaj faaliyetlerine ba\u015flamas\u0131 sebebiyle bir k\u0131r\u0131lma noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu sondaj faaliyetleri, T\u00fcrk ve KKTC h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerince T\u00fcrk Petrol Anonim Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na (TPAO) verilen ruhsatlara dayanmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu c\u00fcretk\u00e2r ad\u0131mlar\u0131 sadece GKRY taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019daki di\u011fer k\u0131y\u0131 devletleri ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ile Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri (ABD) gibi g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan da tepki ve k\u0131nama ile kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. GKRY\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131\u2019nda tan\u0131nan tek h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve AB \u00fcyesi olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, AB liderleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sondaj faaliyetlerini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak niteleyen resmi bir bildiri yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 da devreye sokarak<\/a> AB\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye olan finansal yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015f, havac\u0131l\u0131k anla\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fczakereleri ask\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye ile olan y\u00fcksek seviyedeki m\u00fczakereleri durdurmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak ise T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u201cde\u011fersiz\u201d<\/a> g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve t\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lara ra\u011fmen kararl\u0131 duru\u015funu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmenin hangi noktaya kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Ancak \u015fu a\u015famada \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir husus vard\u0131r ki bu s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme sadece K\u0131br\u0131s sorununa dair g\u00fc\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n keskin ve endi\u015fe verici bir \u015fekilde geriye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015faretini vermemekte, ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye atmaktad\u0131r. Zira bu ihtilaf\u0131n yans\u0131malar\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r, Filistin, \u0130srail, L\u00fcbnan ve Suriye gibi di\u011fer b\u00f6lgesel akt\u00f6rleri de etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n

\u201cSondaj \u0130htilaf\u0131n\u0131n\u201d K\u0131sa Tarihi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmenin arkas\u0131ndaki temel sebep, son y\u0131llarda Do\u011fu Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol ve hidrokarbon sahalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ke\u015fiflerin artmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/a> Bu ke\u015fifler, K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcne dair T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan gibi ilgili devletlerin ortak bir anla\u015fmaya varamamas\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 tarihi \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s sorununu\u201d yeniden canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu sorunu adan\u0131n kara s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki deniz alanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131br\u0131s sorununun k\u00f6kenleri, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun gerileme d\u00f6nemine uzanmaktad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019a kiralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan 82 y\u0131l sonra, 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusu Yunanca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan topluluklardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bu topluluklar tek bir devlet alt\u0131nda birle\u015fmek i\u00e7in ortak bir anla\u015fmaya varamam\u0131\u015f ve adada iki taraf\u0131n milliyet\u00e7i gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda patlak veren \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k edilmi\u015ftir. 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019daki cunta askeri darbe yap\u0131p K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde i\u015fgal edilmesi tehlikesi belirdi\u011finde ise T\u00fcrk ordusu Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak \u00fczere askeri m\u00fcdahalede bulunmu\u015f ve adan\u0131n kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir. Bu m\u00fcdahale geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve ancak BM destekli bir ate\u015fkes ile sona erebilmi\u015ftir. Bu ate\u015fkes uyar\u0131nca, adan\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan kuzey ve g\u00fcney k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lecek \u015fekilde bir tampon b\u00f6lge il\u00e2n edilmi\u015ftir. Sonras\u0131nda, kuzey k\u0131s\u0131mda kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmet sadece T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan devlet olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi ve uluslararas\u0131 toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrkiye i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti topraklar\u0131<\/a>\u201d olarak tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ise ileride kurulacak herhangi bir tek h\u00fck\u00fcmet modelinin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin adil kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve temsili g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece askeri birliklerini adadan \u00e7ekmeyece\u011fi konusunda \u0131srarc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye ve GKRY aras\u0131ndaki diplomatik ili\u015fkiler o d\u00f6nemden bu yana kesilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Krizi \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar iki taraf aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok m\u00fczakere ve BM taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok giri\u015fim ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f ancak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki ihtilaf \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 bir sorundur. K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131nmas\u0131na dair \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin K\u0131br\u0131s a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki deniz alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki hak iddialar\u0131 \u00fczerinde de bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 vard\u0131r, zira uluslararas\u0131 hukukta \u015fu temel ilke mevcuttur: \u201cKara denize egemendir ve bu egemenli\u011fi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flar.\u201d Bu da demektir ki KKTC veya GKRY gibi bir siyasi olu\u015fumun tan\u0131nmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oldu\u011fu zaman, bu olu\u015fumlar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o k\u0131y\u0131lardan do\u011facak haklar\u0131n, kime ait oldu\u011fu sorusu da tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 h\u00e2le gelmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye ve KKTC, KKTC\u2019nin kendi egemen haklar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131yla hareket ederek, GKRY\u2019nin t\u00fcm aday\u0131 temsilen di\u011fer k\u0131y\u0131 devletlerle olan deniz alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n ve 2011\u2019den bu yana baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ABD\u2019li (Noble), \u0130talyan (ENI), Koreli (KOGAS) enerji \u015firketlerine hidrokarbon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015fif ve sondaj ruhsatlar\u0131 vermesinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u0131srarla vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki Taraf\u0131n Hukuki Arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki kaynaklar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel sorun, her bir devletin deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda hangi ilkelerin ve y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 deniz hukukuna g\u00f6re her k\u0131y\u0131 devletinin kendi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki deniz alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde egemenli\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu deniz alanlar\u0131, her biri farkl\u0131 nitelikte ve derecede egemen haklar veren karasular\u0131, biti\u015fik b\u00f6lge, k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge (MEB) gibi farkl\u0131 kategorilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Elbette, t\u00fcm bu alanlar\u0131n uzanabildi\u011fi maksimum s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 mevcuttur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge\u201d bir k\u0131y\u0131 devletine kendi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan itibaren 200 deniz mili (370 kilometre) mesafeyi ge\u00e7meyecek alanda denizdeki, deniz yata\u011f\u0131ndaki ve yeralt\u0131ndaki kaynaklardan faydalanma hakk\u0131 verirken, \u201ck\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d da benzer haklar\u0131 sadece deniz yata\u011f\u0131 ve yeralt\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere vermektedir. Bu sebeple, her bir k\u0131y\u0131 devletin bu mesafelerde hak iddia etmesi i\u00e7in yeterli alan yoksa ve hak iddialar\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma kurallar\u0131 devreye girmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya dair kurallar\u0131n temel kaynaklar\u0131 BM Deniz Hukuku S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (UNCLOS) ve ba\u015fkaca ilgili uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerdir. \u0130htilafa d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan devletlerin uluslararas\u0131 mahkemelere ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 davalara ili\u015fkin verilen kararlar da ilgili kurallara ve ilkelere \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma vakalar\u0131ndaki en temel ilke, t\u00fcm taraflar i\u00e7in \u201chak\u00e7a bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme\u201d ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cHak\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/a>\u201d her vakaya dair birtak\u0131m co\u011frafi (\u00f6rne\u011fin; k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k, adalar\u0131n konumlar\u0131) ve co\u011frafi olmayan (\u00f6rne\u011fin; tarihi haklar, milli g\u00fcvenlik) ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re belirlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

O h\u00e2lde, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de hak\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ne oldu\u011fu sorusu masaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin K\u0131br\u0131s a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki do\u011fal kaynaklar \u00fczerinde GKRY ile ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde devredilemez ve do\u011fal haklar\u0131 mevcuttur. GKRY, iki taraf\u0131n ortak r\u0131zas\u0131yla bir birle\u015fik y\u00f6netim tesis edilene kadar \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda t\u00fcm aday\u0131 temsil etme hakk\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle bir birle\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fene kadar, T\u00fcrkiye, KKTC\u2019yi kendi deniz alanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde egemen haklar\u0131 olan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir sonucu olarak, T\u00fcrkiye Eyl\u00fcl 2011\u2019de Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de politik dengeyi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in KKTC ile yak\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fine girmi\u015f ve iki taraf K\u0131br\u0131s adas\u0131n\u0131n kuzeyi ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen<\/a> bir anla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 takiben de TPAO, KKTC\u2019nin deniz alanlar\u0131nda petrol ve do\u011falgaz arama ve sondaj yapma konusunda yetkilendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te taraftan, GKRY -ve AB- K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kuzeyini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131 olarak nitelemekte ve bu topraklar\u0131n asl\u0131nda \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u201dnin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla adan\u0131n kuzey k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin deniz alanlar\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Bu sebeple, GKRY, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sondaj gemilerini bu alanlara g\u00f6ndermesinin kendi egemenli\u011finin ihlali oldu\u011funu iddia etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Dahas\u0131, bir ba\u015fka husus da KKTC\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye hen\u00fcz m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lge il\u00e2n\u0131nda bulunmam\u0131\u015f olsa da kara topraklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal uzant\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131lan ve bu sebeple il\u00e2n edilmesi gerekmeyen k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sayesinde bu haklara sahiptir. T\u00fcrkiye, GKRY taraf\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlere sondaj ruhsat\u0131 verilen baz\u0131 alanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u0131ta sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 -ve potansiyel m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ekonomik b\u00f6lgesi- ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Esas\u0131nda, hak\u00e7a \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme dair uluslararas\u0131 toplumca tan\u0131nan ilkeler itibar\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131k pay\u0131 vard\u0131r, zira T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e olan k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu GKRY\u2019ninkinden \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r ve T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yak\u0131n olan Yunan adalar\u0131n\u0131n sahip olacaklar\u0131 deniz alanlar\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin lehine s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulabilecektir. Ancak KKTC\u2019nin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 sorunundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc t\u00fcm bu standartlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde neyin referans al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 sorusu belirsizli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rsel Kaynak: GKRY yetkilileri (Grafik-1) ve T\u00dcDAV (Grafik-2)<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn K\u0131br\u0131s sorunu, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi devletin yetkisinde oldu\u011fuyla alakal\u0131d\u0131r ve sadece BM Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc birliklerinin n\u00f6bet tuttu\u011fu bir ye\u015fil hat ile ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f bir adan\u0131n topraklar\u0131<\/a> ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir sorun de\u011fildir. K\u0131y\u0131 devletlerinin Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki gerilimi yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve zengin do\u011fal kaynaklardan ortak bir \u015fekilde ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir ortamda faydalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, i\u015f birli\u011fine ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kural ve ilkeleriyle uyumlu bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm pl\u00e2n\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde yap\u0131c\u0131 bir diyalo\u011fa girmesidir. Mevcut ihtilaf\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in at\u0131lacak ilk ad\u0131m, havzadaki di\u011fer devletlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmeyecek bir deniz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma anla\u015fmas\u0131na ula\u015fmakt\u0131r. E\u011fer taraflar kesin olarak b\u00f6yle bir anla\u015fmaya varamazlarsa bile kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6sterisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek yerine en az\u0131ndan hukuki yollarla -uluslararas\u0131 mahkemeler veya tahkim yoluyla- sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zme hususunda anla\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te taraftan, herhangi bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015fana kadar uygulamada baz\u0131 kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flayacak ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 kurmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u201cOrtak geli\u015ftirme & i\u015fletme form\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d bu mekanizmalardan biridir. Esas\u0131nda, KKTC h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, BM Genel Sekreterli\u011fi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Eyl\u00fcl 2011, Eyl\u00fcl 2012 ve Temmuz 2019\u2019da deniz alanlar\u0131nda i\u015f birli\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren \u00fc\u00e7 adet teklif sunmu\u015ftur. Bu teklifler T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmetince de desteklenmi\u015f ancak GKRY taraf\u0131ndan olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u015eayet taraflar uluslararas\u0131 hukukun sundu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler yerine uzla\u015fmama konusunda uzla\u015fmaya ve salt g\u00fc\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam ederlerse, bu tercih hem iki tarafa hem de Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki devletlerin refah ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fine zarar verecektir, zira buradaki potansiyel kaynaklar\u0131n verimli ve adil kullan\u0131m\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le gelecektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, herhangi bir anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmamas\u0131 durumunda, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki petrol ve do\u011falgaz kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 en verimli yol olarak g\u00f6z\u00fcken<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ge\u00e7ecek bir boru hatt\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131ma pl\u00e2nlar\u0131 da suya d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Dahas\u0131, kriz derinle\u015ftik\u00e7e, b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin m\u00fcdahalelerine de daha a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le gelecektir. Rusya Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Maria Zakharova\u2019n\u0131n AB\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 devreye soktu\u011fu yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6nemi zihniyetinin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri diye niteleyerek ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 <\/a>bu bak\u0131mdan iyi bir \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bu sebeple, Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki devletlerin kriz daha da karma\u015f\u0131k bir h\u00e2le gelmeden bir anla\u015fmaya varmas\u0131 \u00e7ok daha iyi olacakt\u0131r. Zaman\u0131nda at\u0131lacak bir ad\u0131m h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok \u015feyi kurtarabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

8 Ekim 2019 tarihinde; M\u0131s\u0131r, Yunanistan ve G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Y\u00f6netimi (bir\u00e7ok devlet taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak K\u0131br\u0131s Cumhuriyeti olarak tan\u0131nsa da bu yaz\u0131da GKRY olarak an\u0131lacakt\u0131r)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":99,"featured_media":11689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[376],"tags":[9815],"asf_pub_issue":[10305],"asf_pub_region":[10321],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11698"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/99"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11698"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25126,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11698\/revisions\/25126"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11698"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=11698"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=11698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}