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M\u00fcrsel Bayram<\/a> <\/i> 23 May\u0131s 2022<\/span><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>PDF \u0130ndir<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ \/ <\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\u00d6zet: <\/strong>Arap Bahar\u0131 sadece merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) ve b\u00fcnyesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini Arap Bahar\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131tasal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenledi. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kahire ile siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k dahlinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok soruna ra\u011fmen, Arap Bahar\u0131 ne Afrika ile var olan ticari ba\u011flar\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma i\u015f birli\u011fi projelerini ne de AfB ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ola\u011fan toplant\u0131lar\u0131 aksatm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc k\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ve bu de\u011fi\u015fimin AfB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerini ne \u015fekilde etkiledi\u011fini inceliyor. Ankara jeopolitik de\u011fi\u015fimlere ba\u015far\u0131yla ayak uydurdu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, AfB i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u015fimdiye kadar lehte olan alg\u0131 muhtemelen s\u00fcrecektir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi hem AfB hem de T\u00fcrkiye daha adil bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nde daha fazla temsil edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\nGiri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede kendisini \u201cyeni bir Afrika g\u00fcc\u00fcne\u201d[i]<\/a> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131, ulusal ve bireysel saiklerin bir birle\u015fimi yat\u0131yordu. Birincisi, ba\u015fta \u00c7in olmak \u00fczere y\u00fckselen g\u00fc\u00e7ler Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle ba\u011f kurmaya giderek daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem atfederken T\u00fcrkiye bu Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6neli\u015f hamlesinde geri kalmak istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Afrika giri\u015fimini daha geni\u015f anlamda k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanma amac\u0131na entegre etti.[ii]<\/a> \u0130kincisi, T\u00fcrkiye 2002\u2019den bu yana Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (AKP) iktidar\u0131nda i\u00e7eride daha istikrarl\u0131 bir ortama kavu\u015ftu ki bu da \u00fclkenin T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131 (T\u0130KA) gibi devlet kurumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden daha fazla yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve savunma sanayii gibi kritik alanlarda rekabet kapasitesini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131.[iii]<\/a> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, Afrika, d\u00fcnyadaki Afrikal\u0131 olmayan liderlerin herhangi birinden daha fazla olarak, 30 kadar Afrika \u00fclkesine 53 ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcresel vizyonunda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.[iv]<\/a><\/p>\nAfrika, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u0131tada varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimlerden ge\u00e7ti. 2010-2012 Arap Bahar\u0131 k\u0131tada de\u011fi\u015fen genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak al\u0131nabilir. AfB i\u00e7inde iki \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 olan Kahire ve Trablus, Arap Bahar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine kenara itildi. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki AfB\u2019nin merkezi olan Addis Ababa, Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na da e\u015flik eden bu de\u011fi\u015fimden nemalanarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Nil havzas\u0131ndaki hegemonyas\u0131na meydan okudu. Arap Bahar\u0131nda bir istisna olan Fas, AfB i\u00e7inde Cezayir kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfuzunu g\u00f6rece artt\u0131rd\u0131. Geriye kalan AfB g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131 Nijerya ve G\u00fcney Afrika ise k\u0131tadaki n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 birtak\u0131m i\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan etkilense de birli\u011fin yeni potansiyel liderleri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Daha basit ifadeyle Arap Bahar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2008\u2019den beri stratejik bir orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinde bir de\u011fi\u015fime zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.[v]<\/a> K\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi ve AfB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerini hangi a\u00e7\u0131lardan etkiledi\u011fi bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne y\u00f6n veren temel sorulard\u0131r.<\/p>\nArap Bahar\u0131 ve Afrika\u2019da De\u011fi\u015fen G\u00fc\u00e7 Dengesi<\/strong><\/p>\nOtoriter rejimleri devirip halka \u00f6z-y\u00f6netim getirme vaatleriyle Arap Bahar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede yeniden tesis edilen otoriteryenizm ve \u00e7\u0131kan i\u00e7 sava\u015flarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u0131\u015f, k\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n aleyhine bozdu. Kilit unsurlar\u0131ndan biri \u015fiddet olan g\u00fc\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011fu[vi]<\/a> ve sonucunda Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131ta siyasetindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde Libya lideri Muammer Kaddafi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. Kaddafi, can \u00e7eki\u015fen Afrika Birli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (AB\u00d6) canl\u0131 AfB\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde merkezi bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fonlama form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki reform; \u00fclkesinin Cezayir, M\u0131s\u0131r, Nijerya ve G\u00fcney Afrika ile birlikte yeni AfB b\u00fct\u00e7esine yap\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k katk\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 66\u2019s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.[vii]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca Kaddafi AfB\u2019yi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Afrika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131.[viii]<\/a> Kaddafi sonras\u0131 Libya i\u00e7 sava\u015fla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00fclke AfB i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfuzunu neredeyse bir gecede kaybetti.<\/p>\nM\u0131s\u0131r da Arap Bahar\u0131 ve sonucunda k\u0131ta siyasetinde ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimden do\u011frudan etkilendi. Cemal Abdunnas\u0131r d\u00f6neminde Kahire Afrika siyasetinde o kadar etkiliydi ki AB\u00d6 1973 Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail ile ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmay\u0131 \u00f6neren bir karar ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti.[ix]<\/a> Ancak Enver Sedat ve H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek Nas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmedi. M\u0131s\u0131r, Afrika liderlerinin mevcut Afrika g\u00fcvenlik mimarisinin kurucu fikirleri \u00fczerinde uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1992 AB\u00d6 zirvesine ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen M\u00fcbarek, 1995\u2019te Addis Ababa\u2019da bir suikast giri\u015fiminden kurtulduktan sonra takip eden k\u0131ta toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda pek yer almad\u0131.[x]<\/a> Muhammed Mursi ise k\u0131sa s\u00fcren ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcbarek\u2019in Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ilgisizlik politikas\u0131n\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[xi]<\/a> Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Anayasas\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u201cAfrika k\u0131tas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d[xii]<\/a> oldu\u011funu teyit etmi\u015fti. Abdulfettah Sisi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise Afrika siyasetiyle daha fazla ilgili oldu\u011funun bir i\u015fareti olarak AfB\u2019nin 2014 Malabo Zirvesi\u2019nde yeni M\u0131s\u0131r Kalk\u0131nma \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuruldu\u011funu duyurdu.[xiii]<\/a><\/p>\nM\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki n\u00fcfuzunu yeniden tesis etme giri\u015fimlerine, AfB\u2019nin merkezi olan Etiyopya taraf\u0131ndan itiraz edildi. Kenya Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Uhuru Kenyatta, \u201cEtiyopya anam\u0131zd\u0131r. Anne huzurlu de\u011filse aile de huzur bulamaz.\u201d[xiv]<\/a> diyerek Addis Ababa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131tasal \u00f6nemini veciz bir \u015fekilde vurgulad\u0131. Tarih bu s\u00f6z\u00fc bir\u00e7ok defa kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Etiyopya devlet medyas\u0131 ayaklanmalar\u0131 Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak tasvir ediyordu.[xv]<\/a> Addis Ababa\u2019n\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca konu B\u00fcy\u00fck Etiyopya R\u00f6nesans Baraj\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (GERD) in\u015fas\u0131yd\u0131. Projenin zamanlamas\u0131 nedeniyle Etiyopya, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan faydalanmakla su\u00e7land\u0131.[xvi]<\/a> GERD hakk\u0131ndaki Etiyopya-M\u0131s\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrerken Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n Tigray b\u00f6lgesinde silahl\u0131 bir isyan patlak verdi ve ard\u0131ndan Ekim 2019\u2019da Oromia b\u00f6lgesinde Abiy Ahmed Ali h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle sonu\u00e7lanan protestolar ya\u015fand\u0131.[xvii]<\/a> Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k f\u0131rsattan istifade eden M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n devlet\u00e7i medyas\u0131 Etiyopya\u2019daki olaylar\u0131 \u201cAbisina Bahar\u0131\u201d[xviii]<\/a> olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Her ne kadar muhalif g\u00fc\u00e7lere lojistik destek verdi\u011fi kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015fsa da M\u0131s\u0131r, yeniden m\u00fczakerelere daha az kararl\u0131 bir Etiyopya ile ba\u015flamak istemi\u015f olabilir. G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda iki g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki rekabet, birbirlerinin enerjisini t\u00fcketerek Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Afrika g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesindeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece zedeledi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Arap Bahar\u0131 sadece merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) ve b\u00fcnyesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini Arap Bahar\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131tasal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenledi. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kahire ile siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":275,"featured_media":32478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[],"asf_pub_region":[17601],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/275"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33236"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33695,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236\/revisions\/33695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=33236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ \/ <\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\u00d6zet: <\/strong>Arap Bahar\u0131 sadece merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) ve b\u00fcnyesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini Arap Bahar\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131tasal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenledi. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kahire ile siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k dahlinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok soruna ra\u011fmen, Arap Bahar\u0131 ne Afrika ile var olan ticari ba\u011flar\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma i\u015f birli\u011fi projelerini ne de AfB ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ola\u011fan toplant\u0131lar\u0131 aksatm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc k\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ve bu de\u011fi\u015fimin AfB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerini ne \u015fekilde etkiledi\u011fini inceliyor. Ankara jeopolitik de\u011fi\u015fimlere ba\u015far\u0131yla ayak uydurdu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, AfB i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u015fimdiye kadar lehte olan alg\u0131 muhtemelen s\u00fcrecektir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi hem AfB hem de T\u00fcrkiye daha adil bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nde daha fazla temsil edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\nGiri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\nT\u00fcrkiye k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede kendisini \u201cyeni bir Afrika g\u00fcc\u00fcne\u201d[i]<\/a> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131, ulusal ve bireysel saiklerin bir birle\u015fimi yat\u0131yordu. Birincisi, ba\u015fta \u00c7in olmak \u00fczere y\u00fckselen g\u00fc\u00e7ler Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle ba\u011f kurmaya giderek daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem atfederken T\u00fcrkiye bu Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6neli\u015f hamlesinde geri kalmak istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Afrika giri\u015fimini daha geni\u015f anlamda k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanma amac\u0131na entegre etti.[ii]<\/a> \u0130kincisi, T\u00fcrkiye 2002\u2019den bu yana Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (AKP) iktidar\u0131nda i\u00e7eride daha istikrarl\u0131 bir ortama kavu\u015ftu ki bu da \u00fclkenin T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131 (T\u0130KA) gibi devlet kurumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden daha fazla yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve savunma sanayii gibi kritik alanlarda rekabet kapasitesini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131.[iii]<\/a> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, Afrika, d\u00fcnyadaki Afrikal\u0131 olmayan liderlerin herhangi birinden daha fazla olarak, 30 kadar Afrika \u00fclkesine 53 ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcresel vizyonunda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.[iv]<\/a><\/p>\nAfrika, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u0131tada varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimlerden ge\u00e7ti. 2010-2012 Arap Bahar\u0131 k\u0131tada de\u011fi\u015fen genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak al\u0131nabilir. AfB i\u00e7inde iki \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 olan Kahire ve Trablus, Arap Bahar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine kenara itildi. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki AfB\u2019nin merkezi olan Addis Ababa, Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na da e\u015flik eden bu de\u011fi\u015fimden nemalanarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Nil havzas\u0131ndaki hegemonyas\u0131na meydan okudu. Arap Bahar\u0131nda bir istisna olan Fas, AfB i\u00e7inde Cezayir kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfuzunu g\u00f6rece artt\u0131rd\u0131. Geriye kalan AfB g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131 Nijerya ve G\u00fcney Afrika ise k\u0131tadaki n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 birtak\u0131m i\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan etkilense de birli\u011fin yeni potansiyel liderleri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Daha basit ifadeyle Arap Bahar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2008\u2019den beri stratejik bir orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinde bir de\u011fi\u015fime zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.[v]<\/a> K\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi ve AfB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerini hangi a\u00e7\u0131lardan etkiledi\u011fi bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne y\u00f6n veren temel sorulard\u0131r.<\/p>\nArap Bahar\u0131 ve Afrika\u2019da De\u011fi\u015fen G\u00fc\u00e7 Dengesi<\/strong><\/p>\nOtoriter rejimleri devirip halka \u00f6z-y\u00f6netim getirme vaatleriyle Arap Bahar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede yeniden tesis edilen otoriteryenizm ve \u00e7\u0131kan i\u00e7 sava\u015flarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u0131\u015f, k\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n aleyhine bozdu. Kilit unsurlar\u0131ndan biri \u015fiddet olan g\u00fc\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011fu[vi]<\/a> ve sonucunda Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131ta siyasetindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde Libya lideri Muammer Kaddafi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. Kaddafi, can \u00e7eki\u015fen Afrika Birli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (AB\u00d6) canl\u0131 AfB\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde merkezi bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fonlama form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki reform; \u00fclkesinin Cezayir, M\u0131s\u0131r, Nijerya ve G\u00fcney Afrika ile birlikte yeni AfB b\u00fct\u00e7esine yap\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k katk\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 66\u2019s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.[vii]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca Kaddafi AfB\u2019yi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Afrika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131.[viii]<\/a> Kaddafi sonras\u0131 Libya i\u00e7 sava\u015fla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00fclke AfB i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfuzunu neredeyse bir gecede kaybetti.<\/p>\nM\u0131s\u0131r da Arap Bahar\u0131 ve sonucunda k\u0131ta siyasetinde ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimden do\u011frudan etkilendi. Cemal Abdunnas\u0131r d\u00f6neminde Kahire Afrika siyasetinde o kadar etkiliydi ki AB\u00d6 1973 Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail ile ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmay\u0131 \u00f6neren bir karar ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti.[ix]<\/a> Ancak Enver Sedat ve H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek Nas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmedi. M\u0131s\u0131r, Afrika liderlerinin mevcut Afrika g\u00fcvenlik mimarisinin kurucu fikirleri \u00fczerinde uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1992 AB\u00d6 zirvesine ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen M\u00fcbarek, 1995\u2019te Addis Ababa\u2019da bir suikast giri\u015fiminden kurtulduktan sonra takip eden k\u0131ta toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda pek yer almad\u0131.[x]<\/a> Muhammed Mursi ise k\u0131sa s\u00fcren ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcbarek\u2019in Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ilgisizlik politikas\u0131n\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[xi]<\/a> Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Anayasas\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u201cAfrika k\u0131tas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d[xii]<\/a> oldu\u011funu teyit etmi\u015fti. Abdulfettah Sisi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise Afrika siyasetiyle daha fazla ilgili oldu\u011funun bir i\u015fareti olarak AfB\u2019nin 2014 Malabo Zirvesi\u2019nde yeni M\u0131s\u0131r Kalk\u0131nma \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuruldu\u011funu duyurdu.[xiii]<\/a><\/p>\nM\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki n\u00fcfuzunu yeniden tesis etme giri\u015fimlerine, AfB\u2019nin merkezi olan Etiyopya taraf\u0131ndan itiraz edildi. Kenya Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Uhuru Kenyatta, \u201cEtiyopya anam\u0131zd\u0131r. Anne huzurlu de\u011filse aile de huzur bulamaz.\u201d[xiv]<\/a> diyerek Addis Ababa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131tasal \u00f6nemini veciz bir \u015fekilde vurgulad\u0131. Tarih bu s\u00f6z\u00fc bir\u00e7ok defa kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Etiyopya devlet medyas\u0131 ayaklanmalar\u0131 Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak tasvir ediyordu.[xv]<\/a> Addis Ababa\u2019n\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca konu B\u00fcy\u00fck Etiyopya R\u00f6nesans Baraj\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (GERD) in\u015fas\u0131yd\u0131. Projenin zamanlamas\u0131 nedeniyle Etiyopya, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan faydalanmakla su\u00e7land\u0131.[xvi]<\/a> GERD hakk\u0131ndaki Etiyopya-M\u0131s\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrerken Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n Tigray b\u00f6lgesinde silahl\u0131 bir isyan patlak verdi ve ard\u0131ndan Ekim 2019\u2019da Oromia b\u00f6lgesinde Abiy Ahmed Ali h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle sonu\u00e7lanan protestolar ya\u015fand\u0131.[xvii]<\/a> Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k f\u0131rsattan istifade eden M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n devlet\u00e7i medyas\u0131 Etiyopya\u2019daki olaylar\u0131 \u201cAbisina Bahar\u0131\u201d[xviii]<\/a> olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Her ne kadar muhalif g\u00fc\u00e7lere lojistik destek verdi\u011fi kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015fsa da M\u0131s\u0131r, yeniden m\u00fczakerelere daha az kararl\u0131 bir Etiyopya ile ba\u015flamak istemi\u015f olabilir. G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda iki g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki rekabet, birbirlerinin enerjisini t\u00fcketerek Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Afrika g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesindeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece zedeledi.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Arap Bahar\u0131 sadece merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) ve b\u00fcnyesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini Arap Bahar\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131tasal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenledi. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kahire ile siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":275,"featured_media":32478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[],"asf_pub_region":[17601],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/275"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33236"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33695,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236\/revisions\/33695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=33236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6zet: <\/strong>Arap Bahar\u0131 sadece merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) ve b\u00fcnyesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini Arap Bahar\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131tasal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenledi. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kahire ile siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k dahlinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok soruna ra\u011fmen, Arap Bahar\u0131 ne Afrika ile var olan ticari ba\u011flar\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma i\u015f birli\u011fi projelerini ne de AfB ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ola\u011fan toplant\u0131lar\u0131 aksatm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc k\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ve bu de\u011fi\u015fimin AfB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerini ne \u015fekilde etkiledi\u011fini inceliyor. Ankara jeopolitik de\u011fi\u015fimlere ba\u015far\u0131yla ayak uydurdu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, AfB i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik \u015fimdiye kadar lehte olan alg\u0131 muhtemelen s\u00fcrecektir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi hem AfB hem de T\u00fcrkiye daha adil bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nde daha fazla temsil edilmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede kendisini \u201cyeni bir Afrika g\u00fcc\u00fcne\u201d[i]<\/a> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131, ulusal ve bireysel saiklerin bir birle\u015fimi yat\u0131yordu. Birincisi, ba\u015fta \u00c7in olmak \u00fczere y\u00fckselen g\u00fc\u00e7ler Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle ba\u011f kurmaya giderek daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem atfederken T\u00fcrkiye bu Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6neli\u015f hamlesinde geri kalmak istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Afrika giri\u015fimini daha geni\u015f anlamda k\u00fcresel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazanma amac\u0131na entegre etti.[ii]<\/a> \u0130kincisi, T\u00fcrkiye 2002\u2019den bu yana Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (AKP) iktidar\u0131nda i\u00e7eride daha istikrarl\u0131 bir ortama kavu\u015ftu ki bu da \u00fclkenin T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi ve Koordinasyon Ajans\u0131 (T\u0130KA) gibi devlet kurumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden daha fazla yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve savunma sanayii gibi kritik alanlarda rekabet kapasitesini artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131.[iii]<\/a> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, Afrika, d\u00fcnyadaki Afrikal\u0131 olmayan liderlerin herhangi birinden daha fazla olarak, 30 kadar Afrika \u00fclkesine 53 ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcresel vizyonunda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir.[iv]<\/a><\/p>\n Afrika, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin k\u0131tada varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fimlerden ge\u00e7ti. 2010-2012 Arap Bahar\u0131 k\u0131tada de\u011fi\u015fen genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak al\u0131nabilir. AfB i\u00e7inde iki \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 olan Kahire ve Trablus, Arap Bahar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine kenara itildi. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki AfB\u2019nin merkezi olan Addis Ababa, Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na da e\u015flik eden bu de\u011fi\u015fimden nemalanarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Nil havzas\u0131ndaki hegemonyas\u0131na meydan okudu. Arap Bahar\u0131nda bir istisna olan Fas, AfB i\u00e7inde Cezayir kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfuzunu g\u00f6rece artt\u0131rd\u0131. Geriye kalan AfB g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131 Nijerya ve G\u00fcney Afrika ise k\u0131tadaki n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131 birtak\u0131m i\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan etkilense de birli\u011fin yeni potansiyel liderleri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Daha basit ifadeyle Arap Bahar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2008\u2019den beri stratejik bir orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) i\u00e7indeki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinde bir de\u011fi\u015fime zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131.[v]<\/a> K\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi ve AfB-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerini hangi a\u00e7\u0131lardan etkiledi\u011fi bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne y\u00f6n veren temel sorulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Arap Bahar\u0131 ve Afrika\u2019da De\u011fi\u015fen G\u00fc\u00e7 Dengesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Otoriter rejimleri devirip halka \u00f6z-y\u00f6netim getirme vaatleriyle Arap Bahar\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgede yeniden tesis edilen otoriteryenizm ve \u00e7\u0131kan i\u00e7 sava\u015flarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u0131\u015f, k\u0131tadaki g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n aleyhine bozdu. Kilit unsurlar\u0131ndan biri \u015fiddet olan g\u00fc\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011fu[vi]<\/a> ve sonucunda Kuzey Afrika\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131ta siyasetindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde Libya lideri Muammer Kaddafi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131. Kaddafi, can \u00e7eki\u015fen Afrika Birli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (AB\u00d6) canl\u0131 AfB\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde merkezi bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fonlama form\u00fcl\u00fcndeki reform; \u00fclkesinin Cezayir, M\u0131s\u0131r, Nijerya ve G\u00fcney Afrika ile birlikte yeni AfB b\u00fct\u00e7esine yap\u0131lan y\u0131ll\u0131k katk\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 66\u2019s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131.[vii]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca Kaddafi AfB\u2019yi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Afrika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131.[viii]<\/a> Kaddafi sonras\u0131 Libya i\u00e7 sava\u015fla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00fclke AfB i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfuzunu neredeyse bir gecede kaybetti.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r da Arap Bahar\u0131 ve sonucunda k\u0131ta siyasetinde ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimden do\u011frudan etkilendi. Cemal Abdunnas\u0131r d\u00f6neminde Kahire Afrika siyasetinde o kadar etkiliydi ki AB\u00d6 1973 Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail ile ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmay\u0131 \u00f6neren bir karar ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti.[ix]<\/a> Ancak Enver Sedat ve H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek Nas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Sahraalt\u0131 Afrika\u2019daki etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmedi. M\u0131s\u0131r, Afrika liderlerinin mevcut Afrika g\u00fcvenlik mimarisinin kurucu fikirleri \u00fczerinde uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1992 AB\u00d6 zirvesine ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen M\u00fcbarek, 1995\u2019te Addis Ababa\u2019da bir suikast giri\u015fiminden kurtulduktan sonra takip eden k\u0131ta toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda pek yer almad\u0131.[x]<\/a> Muhammed Mursi ise k\u0131sa s\u00fcren ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcbarek\u2019in Afrika\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ilgisizlik politikas\u0131n\u0131 tersine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[xi]<\/a> Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r Anayasas\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u201cAfrika k\u0131tas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d[xii]<\/a> oldu\u011funu teyit etmi\u015fti. Abdulfettah Sisi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise Afrika siyasetiyle daha fazla ilgili oldu\u011funun bir i\u015fareti olarak AfB\u2019nin 2014 Malabo Zirvesi\u2019nde yeni M\u0131s\u0131r Kalk\u0131nma \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuruldu\u011funu duyurdu.[xiii]<\/a><\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki n\u00fcfuzunu yeniden tesis etme giri\u015fimlerine, AfB\u2019nin merkezi olan Etiyopya taraf\u0131ndan itiraz edildi. Kenya Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Uhuru Kenyatta, \u201cEtiyopya anam\u0131zd\u0131r. Anne huzurlu de\u011filse aile de huzur bulamaz.\u201d[xiv]<\/a> diyerek Addis Ababa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131tasal \u00f6nemini veciz bir \u015fekilde vurgulad\u0131. Tarih bu s\u00f6z\u00fc bir\u00e7ok defa kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Etiyopya devlet medyas\u0131 ayaklanmalar\u0131 Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun olarak tasvir ediyordu.[xv]<\/a> Addis Ababa\u2019n\u0131n ilgilendi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca konu B\u00fcy\u00fck Etiyopya R\u00f6nesans Baraj\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (GERD) in\u015fas\u0131yd\u0131. Projenin zamanlamas\u0131 nedeniyle Etiyopya, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan faydalanmakla su\u00e7land\u0131.[xvi]<\/a> GERD hakk\u0131ndaki Etiyopya-M\u0131s\u0131r anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrerken Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n Tigray b\u00f6lgesinde silahl\u0131 bir isyan patlak verdi ve ard\u0131ndan Ekim 2019\u2019da Oromia b\u00f6lgesinde Abiy Ahmed Ali h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle sonu\u00e7lanan protestolar ya\u015fand\u0131.[xvii]<\/a> Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k f\u0131rsattan istifade eden M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n devlet\u00e7i medyas\u0131 Etiyopya\u2019daki olaylar\u0131 \u201cAbisina Bahar\u0131\u201d[xviii]<\/a> olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Her ne kadar muhalif g\u00fc\u00e7lere lojistik destek verdi\u011fi kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015fsa da M\u0131s\u0131r, yeniden m\u00fczakerelere daha az kararl\u0131 bir Etiyopya ile ba\u015flamak istemi\u015f olabilir. G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda iki g\u00fc\u00e7 oda\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki rekabet, birbirlerinin enerjisini t\u00fcketerek Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Afrika g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesindeki konumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece zedeledi.<\/p>\n<\/div> Arap Bahar\u0131 sadece merkez \u00fcss\u00fc Kuzey Afrika\u2019y\u0131 de\u011fil t\u00fcm Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika Birli\u011fi (AfB) ve b\u00fcnyesindeki g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini Arap Bahar\u0131ndan sonra de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131tasal g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenledi. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n Kahire ile siyasi anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":275,"featured_media":32478,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[],"asf_pub_region":[17601],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/275"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33236"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33695,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33236\/revisions\/33695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=33236"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=33236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}