![\"\"](\"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Mehmet-Alaca-150x150.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
Mehmet Alaca<\/a> <\/i> 22 A\u011fustos 2022<\/span><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>PDF \u0130ndir<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ Irak<\/a> \/ B\u00f6lgesel Politika<\/a><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\u0130srail ile Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 Yasaklayan Irak Yurt \u0130\u00e7i ve Yurt D\u0131\u015f\u0131na Parmak Sall\u0131yor<\/span><\/h2>\n\u00d6zet: <\/strong><\/span>Irak\u2019\u0131n 1 Ekim 2021 genel se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma krizi devam ederken \u0130srail ile ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir kanun yak\u0131n zamanda Irak parlamentosundan ge\u00e7ti. Kanun ilk bak\u0131\u015fta siyasi \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtm\u00fc\u015f ve t\u00fcm rakip gruplar\u0131 kanuna destek vermek i\u00e7in bir araya toplam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de asl\u0131nda bu durum hem \u00fclke i\u00e7inde hem de Irak\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki b\u00f6lgesel ili\u015fkilerle yak\u0131ndan ilintilidir. Bu nedenle, bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kanunun arkas\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f saikleri ve Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan partilerinin gelecek politikalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kanun, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz \u0130ran ile Tahran m\u00fcttefiki Irakl\u0131 \u015eii gruplar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkeyi \u0130ran ekseninde tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak ve \u00f6zellikle Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi (IKB<\/a>), S\u00fcnniler, normalle\u015fme destek\u00e7ileri ve yak\u0131n zamanda \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftiren b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri bu kanundan olumsuz etkilenecek.<\/p>\nGiri\u015f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nIrak Parlamentosu 26 May\u0131s\u2019ta (\u0130srail\u2019e at\u0131fla) \u201cSiyonist olu\u015fum\u201d ile diplomatik, politik, askeri, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesini su\u00e7 sayan bir kanun ge\u00e7irdi.[i]<\/a> Kanun Bat\u0131\u2019da geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 normalle\u015fme kategorisindeki \u00e7o\u011fu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in idam cezas\u0131 istenme ihtimali nedeniyle k\u0131nand\u0131.[ii]<\/a> Kanunun Saddam H\u00fcseyin taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilen ve Irak\u2019\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc muhaliflerinden biri yapan 1969 kanununa olduk\u00e7a benzese de Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) ile Bahreyn\u2019in \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131y\u0131p diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirerek Arap-\u0130srail ili\u015fkileri tarihinde yeni bir rota \u00e7izdi\u011fi 2020\u2019de imzalanan \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019ndan sonra yeni bir kanun ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fdu. Dahas\u0131 kanun tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma s\u00fcrecinin t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Erbil ile Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131ndaki gerilimlerin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bir zamanda haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil.<\/p>\nParlamento\u2019daki 329 milletvekilinden 275\u2019i pratikte \u0130srail ile herhangi bir normalle\u015fme s\u00fcreci ihtimalini yasaklayan kanun teklifinin lehine oy kulland\u0131. Irak, \u0130srail aleyhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temellendirirken Yahudi Devleti ile normalle\u015fmeyi kategorik olarak reddetti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Kanunu Ekim 2021 se\u00e7imlerini fiilen kazanm\u0131\u015f olan n\u00fcfuzlu \u015eii dini lider Mukteda El-Sadr teklif etmi\u015fse de bu hamleden en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazanc\u0131 \u0130ran ve (Sadr\u2019\u0131n rakipleri olan) \u0130ran destekli Irakl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n elde etmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 politikadaki \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 akt\u00f6rleri alt etmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nIrak\u2019ta normalle\u015fmeyi yasaklayan kanunun saiklerinin uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Irak, \u0130srail\u2019in 1948\u2019deki kurulu\u015fundan beri resmi olarak \u0130srail\u2019le sava\u015fta. \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen \u00fc\u00e7 Arap askeri operasyonunda yer alan Irak, 1979\u2019da \u0130srail ile M\u0131s\u0131r aras\u0131nda imzalanan bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda etkin bir \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutum benimsedi. Bu nedenle \u0130srail, tavizsiz bir \u015fekilde Saddam H\u00fcseyin rejimini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.[iii]<\/a> Irak\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirece\u011finden korkan \u0130srail 1981\u2019de Saddam\u2019\u0131n in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi Osirak n\u00fckleer tesisini bir hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[iv]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019la olan sava\u015f\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015f olan Irak, 1991\u2019de Hayfa ve Tel Aviv\u2019i bombalamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczinelerce Scud f\u00fczesi g\u00f6ndererek misillemede bulundu.<\/p>\nABD\u2019nin 2003 Irak<\/a> i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail ile hi\u00e7bir resmi ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen eski yasaklar ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tepkiler gev\u015fetildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Irak pasaportu hamillerinin \u0130srail\u2019e seyahatini engelleyen d\u00fczenleme i\u015fgalden sonra kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.[v]<\/a> \u0130srail ile \u00e7e\u015fitli ki\u015fisel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurulmu\u015fsa da \u0130srail aleyhindeki resmi refleksler pek de\u011fi\u015fmedi. 2004\u2019te \u0130srail\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk ziyaretten birka\u00e7 ay sonra Irak \u00dcmmet Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Misal Alusi\u2019nin iki o\u011flu ve korumas\u0131na suikast d\u00fczenlendi. Dahas\u0131, Tel Aviv\u2019de 2008\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen \u201cTer\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Konferans\u0131na\u201d kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra Irak Parlamentosu Alusi\u2019nin ihanet gerek\u00e7esiyle milletvekili dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Ancak Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi, Alusi\u2019nin lehine karar vererek parlamento karar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etti.[vi]<\/a> Mahkeme karar\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde \u0130srail ile ki\u015fisel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurman\u0131n veya \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir yasal engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\nFakat Irakl\u0131 \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni 15 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir heyetin Ocak 2019\u2019da Tel Aviv\u2019e bir dizi ziyarette bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra[vii]<\/a> \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkiler hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar Irak siyaset sahnesindeki \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem maddelerinden biri haline geldi. \u0130ran yanl\u0131s\u0131 baz\u0131 gruplar kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerinin if\u015fa edilerek cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunarak ziyarete tepki verirken Irak Meclis Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Sadr yanl\u0131s\u0131 Hasan Ka\u2019bi ise heyet \u00fcyelerinin, hele de milletvekili iseler, soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etti.[viii]<\/a> Bu arka plan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son kanun, Sadr\u2019\u0131n Sairun meclis grubu taraf\u0131ndan teklif edildi ve Sadr\u2019\u0131n rakipleri \u0130ran destekli \u00e7o\u011fu \u015eii grubu bir araya getiren bir koalisyon olan \u015eii Koordinasyon \u00c7er\u00e7evesi teklife g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc destek sundu. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan ise Sadr\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcnni Arap m\u00fcttefikleri, Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Muhammed Halbusi ve K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin (KDP) de kanun lehine oy kullanmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 gruplar genellikle \u0130srail ile KDP ve baz\u0131 S\u00fcnniler aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler bulundu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyordu. \u00dclkede en hararetli \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutuma sahip \u0130ran destekli gruplara seslenen radikal \u015eii din adam\u0131 Sadr, en b\u00fcy\u00fck vatansever oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Ayr\u0131ca yasama hamlesiyle siyasi m\u00fcttefiklerine y\u00f6neltilen \u0130srail\u2019le ili\u015fkide olma ele\u015ftirilerini hafifletmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor da olabilir.<\/p>\nBaz\u0131 K\u00fcrtler, \u00f6zellikle de KDP, son kanunun lehine oy kullanarak \u0130srail ile aralar\u0131nda mesafe oldu\u011fu alg\u0131s\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u0130srail\u2019in ilk Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 David Ben Gurion \u0130ran, T\u00fcrkiye ve Etiyopya gibi Arap olmayan \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerini iyile\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7larken So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u0130srail\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Arap toplumlar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketleri destekledi.[ix]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flamda \u0130srail, Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrt hareketini Baas rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 destekledi.[x]<\/a> D\u00f6nemin Irak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistan Yurtsever Birli\u011fi (KYB) lideri Celal Talabani\u2019nin 2008\u2019de Yunanistan\u2019da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konferansta d\u00f6nemin \u0130srail Savunma Bakan\u0131 Ehud Barak ile tokala\u015fmas\u0131 Irak siyasetinde \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Talabani nihayetinde toplant\u0131ya sadece KYB lideri s\u0131fat\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[xi]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca Ekim 2019\u2019daki kitlesel protestolar\u0131n da \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan sesleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Protestolara atfen 25 Ekim Hareketi ad\u0131nda bir siyasi parti kuran Talal Hariri, partisinin \u0130srail ile kapsaml\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f in\u015fa edilmesi gerekti\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[xii]<\/a><\/p>\nIKB \u0130srail ile resmi diplomatik ili\u015fkilerde bulunmasa da taraflar\u0131n ekonomik ve siyasi ili\u015fkiler, hatta g\u00fcvenlik noktas\u0131nda dahi i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r. \u0130srail 2021\u2019de petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 24\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc IKB\u2019den sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz 2017 K\u00fcrdistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumunu a\u00e7\u0131ktan destekleyen tek \u00fclkeydi.[xiii]<\/a> \u00d6rt\u00fck ili\u015fkilerine verilen tepkilere ra\u011fmen IKB New York merkezli Center for Peace and Communication [Bar\u0131\u015f ve \u0130leti\u015fim Merkezi] adl\u0131 kurulu\u015fun Erbil\u2019de S\u00fcnni ve \u015eii a\u015firet liderleri dahil yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 Irakl\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131[xiv]<\/a> ve \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesine izin verdi. Toplant\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2019de Irakl\u0131 \u015eii politikac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6fkelendirdi ve o tarihten beri Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtler daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde \u0130ran ve destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 siyasi ve milis gruplar\u0131n radar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, petrol zengini K\u00fcrt i\u015f adam\u0131 Baz Kerim \u0130srail\u2019e gizlice petrol satmakla su\u00e7land\u0131.[xv]<\/a> \u0130ran, Kerim\u2019in konutunda bulundu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi \u0130srail-MOSSAD \u00fcss\u00fcne balistik f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu ve bunu birka\u00e7 KDP liderinin Erbil ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki ofis ve i\u015f yerlerini hedef alan bir dizi sald\u0131r\u0131 izledi. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Ordusu (\u0130DMO) IKB\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130ranl\u0131 K\u00fcrt militanlar\u0131 giderek daha \u00e7ok top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla hedef al\u0131r oldu. Normalle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasa \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n IKB\u2019deki balistik f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sadece iki ay sonra g\u00fcndeme geldi.[xvi]<\/a> K\u00fcrtlerin kanun lehindeki oylar\u0131 IKB\u2019nin \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 koroya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Aksine kanun, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulursa, muhtemelen Ba\u011fdat ile Erbil aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumu daha da derinle\u015ftirecek.<\/p>\nSadr\u2019\u0131n normalle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kanununa \u2018evet\u2019 oyu veren K\u00fcrt ve S\u00fcnnilerin ba\u015fka se\u00e7enekleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Yoksa iki grup da ba\u015fta \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u015eiilerin ciddi bask\u0131s\u0131na maruz kalabilece\u011finin fark\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. K\u00fcrtler ve S\u00fcnniler bir savunma mekanizmas\u0131 olarak siyasi konumlar\u0131na zarar gelmesini \u00f6nlemek ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki siyasi geleceklerini kurtarmak amac\u0131yla kanunu destekledi. Fakat b\u00f6lgede \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeye giden \u00fclkeler, \u00f6zellikle de K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi \u00fcyeleri, S\u00fcnniler ve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrtleri ve S\u00fcnnileri destekliyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin Halbusi\u2019nin BAE ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131r de\u011fil. Bu y\u00fczden K\u00fcrtler ve S\u00fcnniler gelecekte Irak ile \u0130srail aras\u0131nda normalle\u015fme ihtimali do\u011farsa s\u00fcrece \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edecekti. Fakat yasama hamlesi t\u00fcm olas\u0131 normalle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerine ket vurdu.<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131 \u0130ran ekseninde tutma \u00e7abalar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nKanun Sadr taraf\u0131ndan teklif edilmi\u015fse de hamleden gelecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 gruplar i\u00e7in ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00dcstelik \u0130ran \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kayg\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle Irak\u2019\u0131n ve n\u00fcfuz sahibi oldu\u011fu di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6re \u0130srail hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 A\u011fustos 2019\u2019da Irak\u2019taki \u0130ran destekli milis gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. [xvii]<\/a> E\u011fer do\u011fruysa bunlar 1981 Osirak bombalamas\u0131ndan bu yana \u0130srail\u2019in Irak\u2019ta d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ilk sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda Irak siyasetindeki geleneksel \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 da eklenince normalle\u015fme etraf\u0131nda daha gergin bir atmosfer olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\nBu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yazar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u0130slami liderlerinden biri, konunun Irak kamuoyu ve siyasetindeki hassasiyetinden dolay\u0131 t\u00fcm partilerin kanun lehine oy kullanmak zorunda oldu\u011funu ancak zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Sadr\u2019\u0131n \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi gruplar\u0131n lehine olan bu kanunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda dair att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ad\u0131m\u0131n ve S\u00fcnni lider Halbusi ve KDP ile ittifak olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran destekli g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu \u201c\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak\u0131\u201d T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine meyletmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Elbette Sadr ile gergin ili\u015fkileri olan \u0130ran destekli gruplar bu \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasay\u0131 Sadr ile normalle\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak kullanabilir. \u0130ran destekli t\u00fcm grup ve milislerin bu kanundan tam olarak memnun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sert bir dille ve cezalarla bir taslak haz\u0131rlama giri\u015fiminde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak o taslaklar\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilip de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini belirtmek de kritik \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Bu taslaklar\u0131n birka\u00e7\u0131 mevcut kanunun [Kud\u00fcs\u2019e] dini seyahatler \u00fczerinden normalle\u015fmeye izin veren bo\u015fluklar i\u00e7erdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Mesela \u0130ran destekli Ketaib Hizbullah grubu kanunu onaylasa da birka\u00e7 maddesini ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n L\u00fcbnan ve Irak\u2019ta s\u00fcren n\u00fcfuzuna ra\u011fmen iki \u00fclkedeki son se\u00e7imler \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun de\u011fildi. L\u00fcbnan Hizbullah\u0131 ve m\u00fcttefikleri May\u0131s\u2019ta yap\u0131lan son se\u00e7imde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elde edemezken \u0130ran destekli gruplar Ekim 2021 Irak se\u00e7imlerinde tamamen yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131.[xviii]<\/a> Tahran, se\u00e7im sand\u0131klar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu hamleyi desteklemekle \u0130srail konusunda bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgi \u00e7izerek imaj\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve Irak\u2019\u0131n bu k\u00fcmeye dahil edilmesini istemiyor. Nitekim ABD, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve \u0130srail kanunu k\u0131narken Tahran\u2019\u0131n yeni Irak B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Muhammed Kaz\u0131m Al-i Sad\u0131k bu hamleyi \u201ctarihi\u201d olarak niteledi.[xix]<\/a><\/p>\nBu yasama hamlesi Irak\u2019\u0131 BAE, Sudan, Bahreyn ve Fas\u2019\u0131n 2020\u2019de \u0130srail ile diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurdu\u011fu Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir de\u011fer h\u00e2line getiriyor. \u0130brahim G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Irak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Ahmed Molla Talal, \u201cIrak yasalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeyi yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtti.[xx]<\/a> Fakat a\u00e7\u0131klamalara ra\u011fmen \u00fclkede tart\u0131\u015fmalar sona ermedi. ABD, \u0130ran aleyhindeki tutumunda b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini taraf se\u00e7meye zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Irak b\u00f6lgesel diplomasi giri\u015fimleriyle \u0130ran eksenine dahil edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalardan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. May\u0131s 2020\u2019de g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Mustafa Kaz\u0131mi, yo\u011fun bir diplomasi trafi\u011fine girerek T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn dahil kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri ziyaret etti. T\u00fcrkiye 1949\u2019da \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131yan ilk \u00fclkeydi, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla 1980 ve 1994\u2019te Yahudi devletiyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Kaz\u0131mi\u2019nin BAE\u2019nin \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBu BAE\u2019nin karar\u0131 ve buna m\u00fcdahil olmamal\u0131y\u0131z\u201d [xxi]<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ABD ile yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u0130ran\u2019la aras\u0131na mesafe koyma e\u011filimin \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeyi dayatabilece\u011finden korkan \u0130ran destekli gruplar Kaz\u0131mi\u2019yi ele\u015ftirilerinin hedefine koydu.<\/p>\nBu hamleyle Sadr ve \u0130ran destekli gruplar b\u00f6lge devletleri ve ABD\u2019ye gelecekteki Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve liderlerinin \u0130srail konusunda geri atmayaca\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Irak\u2019taki \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kanundan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ran destekli Husi hareketi de Yemen\u2019de benzer bir kanun ge\u00e7irdi.[xxii]<\/a> ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan ve baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerini kapsayacak gezisi \u00f6ncesinde \u0130ran destekli gruplar \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye y\u00f6nelik diplomatik \u00e7abalar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 oymay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u0130ran ile n\u00fckleer m\u00fczakereler ve \u0130srail\u2019in b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle normalle\u015fme giri\u015fimi s\u00fcrerken \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bu kanunla Irak\u2019\u0131 kendi y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde tutmas\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ABD ve Bat\u0131 ile m\u00fczakerelerinde elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir yan hamle olarak okunabilir. \u00dcstelik se\u00e7imlerin galibi Sadr bir anda siyasi hareketinin t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerini Irak parlamentosundan istifa etmeye y\u00f6nlendirdi.[xxiii]<\/a> Sadr\u2019\u0131n parlamento siyasetinden \u00e7ekilmesinin ard\u0131ndan yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olursa \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hissiyat Irak\u2019ta daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanacak.<\/p>\nTarihi travmay\u0131 tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nYahudilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irak\u2019\u0131n politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131nda etkin bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak gerekir. Mesela Irakl\u0131 Yahudi Sasun Eskel, 1932\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce \u00fclkenin kraliyet d\u00f6nemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda be\u015f d\u00f6nem maliye bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca o zamanlar \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Selime Murad gibi isimler de Yahudi\u2019ydi. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Irak\u2019\u0131n kadim Yahudi n\u00fcfusu 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda neredeyse yok oldu ve geriye \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan sadece 4, Irak K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019nda ise birka\u00e7 d\u00fczine insan kald\u0131. \u0130srail\u2019de 200 binden fazla Irak k\u00f6kenli Yahudi ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu n\u00fcfusun ailevi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.[xxiv]<\/a> Son kanun bu insanlar\u0131n ata topraklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerini tamamen kesmenin yan\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta \u0130ran kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme destek\u00e7isi olan bir\u00e7ok akt\u00f6r i\u00e7in de bir cezaland\u0131rma arac\u0131.<\/p>\n\u0130srail, Irak ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130srail D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 May\u0131s 2018\u2019de \u015fimdi 700 binden fazla insan\u0131n takip etti\u011fi \u201cIrak leh\u00e7esinde \u0130srail\u201d adl\u0131 bir Arap\u00e7a Facebook sayfas\u0131 a\u00e7arak dijital diplomasi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.[xxv]<\/a> Ancak \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hissiyat\u0131n tarihi ve siyasi ger\u00e7eklikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Irak Filistin yanl\u0131s\u0131 duru\u015funda her zaman tutarl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Erbil\u2019in \u0130srail ile olan derin ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irebilir. ABD eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc \u0130srail\u2019in ba\u015fkenti ilan etmesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Filistin Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mahmud Abbas Irakl\u0131 mevkida\u015f\u0131 Berhem Salih ile Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta bir araya geldi. \u0130srail\u2019in Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerle olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ili\u015fkilerine ra\u011fmen kendisi de aslen K\u00fcrt olan Salih \u201ckarde\u015f Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f, istikrar ve t\u00fcm me\u015fru haklar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme \u00fcmitlerine ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmesi\u201d[xxvi]<\/a> gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Irak\u2019\u0131n 1 Ekim 2021 genel se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma krizi devam ederken \u0130srail ile ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir kanun yak\u0131n zamanda Irak parlamentosundan ge\u00e7ti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":222,"featured_media":34059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10319],"asf_pub_region":[10321,17588],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/222"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34381"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35344,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381\/revisions\/35344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=34381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Uzman G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a> \/ Irak<\/a> \/ B\u00f6lgesel Politika<\/a><\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\u0130srail ile Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 Yasaklayan Irak Yurt \u0130\u00e7i ve Yurt D\u0131\u015f\u0131na Parmak Sall\u0131yor<\/span><\/h2>\n\u00d6zet: <\/strong><\/span>Irak\u2019\u0131n 1 Ekim 2021 genel se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma krizi devam ederken \u0130srail ile ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir kanun yak\u0131n zamanda Irak parlamentosundan ge\u00e7ti. Kanun ilk bak\u0131\u015fta siyasi \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtm\u00fc\u015f ve t\u00fcm rakip gruplar\u0131 kanuna destek vermek i\u00e7in bir araya toplam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de asl\u0131nda bu durum hem \u00fclke i\u00e7inde hem de Irak\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki b\u00f6lgesel ili\u015fkilerle yak\u0131ndan ilintilidir. Bu nedenle, bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kanunun arkas\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f saikleri ve Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan partilerinin gelecek politikalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kanun, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz \u0130ran ile Tahran m\u00fcttefiki Irakl\u0131 \u015eii gruplar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkeyi \u0130ran ekseninde tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak ve \u00f6zellikle Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi (IKB<\/a>), S\u00fcnniler, normalle\u015fme destek\u00e7ileri ve yak\u0131n zamanda \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftiren b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri bu kanundan olumsuz etkilenecek.<\/p>\nGiri\u015f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nIrak Parlamentosu 26 May\u0131s\u2019ta (\u0130srail\u2019e at\u0131fla) \u201cSiyonist olu\u015fum\u201d ile diplomatik, politik, askeri, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesini su\u00e7 sayan bir kanun ge\u00e7irdi.[i]<\/a> Kanun Bat\u0131\u2019da geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 normalle\u015fme kategorisindeki \u00e7o\u011fu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in idam cezas\u0131 istenme ihtimali nedeniyle k\u0131nand\u0131.[ii]<\/a> Kanunun Saddam H\u00fcseyin taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilen ve Irak\u2019\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc muhaliflerinden biri yapan 1969 kanununa olduk\u00e7a benzese de Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) ile Bahreyn\u2019in \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131y\u0131p diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirerek Arap-\u0130srail ili\u015fkileri tarihinde yeni bir rota \u00e7izdi\u011fi 2020\u2019de imzalanan \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019ndan sonra yeni bir kanun ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fdu. Dahas\u0131 kanun tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma s\u00fcrecinin t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Erbil ile Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131ndaki gerilimlerin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bir zamanda haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil.<\/p>\nParlamento\u2019daki 329 milletvekilinden 275\u2019i pratikte \u0130srail ile herhangi bir normalle\u015fme s\u00fcreci ihtimalini yasaklayan kanun teklifinin lehine oy kulland\u0131. Irak, \u0130srail aleyhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temellendirirken Yahudi Devleti ile normalle\u015fmeyi kategorik olarak reddetti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Kanunu Ekim 2021 se\u00e7imlerini fiilen kazanm\u0131\u015f olan n\u00fcfuzlu \u015eii dini lider Mukteda El-Sadr teklif etmi\u015fse de bu hamleden en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazanc\u0131 \u0130ran ve (Sadr\u2019\u0131n rakipleri olan) \u0130ran destekli Irakl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n elde etmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7 politikadaki \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 akt\u00f6rleri alt etmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nIrak\u2019ta normalle\u015fmeyi yasaklayan kanunun saiklerinin uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Irak, \u0130srail\u2019in 1948\u2019deki kurulu\u015fundan beri resmi olarak \u0130srail\u2019le sava\u015fta. \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen \u00fc\u00e7 Arap askeri operasyonunda yer alan Irak, 1979\u2019da \u0130srail ile M\u0131s\u0131r aras\u0131nda imzalanan bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda etkin bir \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutum benimsedi. Bu nedenle \u0130srail, tavizsiz bir \u015fekilde Saddam H\u00fcseyin rejimini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.[iii]<\/a> Irak\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirece\u011finden korkan \u0130srail 1981\u2019de Saddam\u2019\u0131n in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi Osirak n\u00fckleer tesisini bir hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[iv]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019la olan sava\u015f\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015f olan Irak, 1991\u2019de Hayfa ve Tel Aviv\u2019i bombalamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczinelerce Scud f\u00fczesi g\u00f6ndererek misillemede bulundu.<\/p>\nABD\u2019nin 2003 Irak<\/a> i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail ile hi\u00e7bir resmi ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen eski yasaklar ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tepkiler gev\u015fetildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Irak pasaportu hamillerinin \u0130srail\u2019e seyahatini engelleyen d\u00fczenleme i\u015fgalden sonra kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.[v]<\/a> \u0130srail ile \u00e7e\u015fitli ki\u015fisel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurulmu\u015fsa da \u0130srail aleyhindeki resmi refleksler pek de\u011fi\u015fmedi. 2004\u2019te \u0130srail\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk ziyaretten birka\u00e7 ay sonra Irak \u00dcmmet Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Misal Alusi\u2019nin iki o\u011flu ve korumas\u0131na suikast d\u00fczenlendi. Dahas\u0131, Tel Aviv\u2019de 2008\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen \u201cTer\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Konferans\u0131na\u201d kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra Irak Parlamentosu Alusi\u2019nin ihanet gerek\u00e7esiyle milletvekili dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Ancak Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi, Alusi\u2019nin lehine karar vererek parlamento karar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etti.[vi]<\/a> Mahkeme karar\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde \u0130srail ile ki\u015fisel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurman\u0131n veya \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir yasal engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\nFakat Irakl\u0131 \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni 15 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir heyetin Ocak 2019\u2019da Tel Aviv\u2019e bir dizi ziyarette bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra[vii]<\/a> \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkiler hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar Irak siyaset sahnesindeki \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem maddelerinden biri haline geldi. \u0130ran yanl\u0131s\u0131 baz\u0131 gruplar kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerinin if\u015fa edilerek cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunarak ziyarete tepki verirken Irak Meclis Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Sadr yanl\u0131s\u0131 Hasan Ka\u2019bi ise heyet \u00fcyelerinin, hele de milletvekili iseler, soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etti.[viii]<\/a> Bu arka plan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son kanun, Sadr\u2019\u0131n Sairun meclis grubu taraf\u0131ndan teklif edildi ve Sadr\u2019\u0131n rakipleri \u0130ran destekli \u00e7o\u011fu \u015eii grubu bir araya getiren bir koalisyon olan \u015eii Koordinasyon \u00c7er\u00e7evesi teklife g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc destek sundu. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan ise Sadr\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcnni Arap m\u00fcttefikleri, Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Muhammed Halbusi ve K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin (KDP) de kanun lehine oy kullanmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 gruplar genellikle \u0130srail ile KDP ve baz\u0131 S\u00fcnniler aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler bulundu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyordu. \u00dclkede en hararetli \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutuma sahip \u0130ran destekli gruplara seslenen radikal \u015eii din adam\u0131 Sadr, en b\u00fcy\u00fck vatansever oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Ayr\u0131ca yasama hamlesiyle siyasi m\u00fcttefiklerine y\u00f6neltilen \u0130srail\u2019le ili\u015fkide olma ele\u015ftirilerini hafifletmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor da olabilir.<\/p>\nBaz\u0131 K\u00fcrtler, \u00f6zellikle de KDP, son kanunun lehine oy kullanarak \u0130srail ile aralar\u0131nda mesafe oldu\u011fu alg\u0131s\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u0130srail\u2019in ilk Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 David Ben Gurion \u0130ran, T\u00fcrkiye ve Etiyopya gibi Arap olmayan \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerini iyile\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7larken So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u0130srail\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Arap toplumlar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketleri destekledi.[ix]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flamda \u0130srail, Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrt hareketini Baas rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 destekledi.[x]<\/a> D\u00f6nemin Irak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistan Yurtsever Birli\u011fi (KYB) lideri Celal Talabani\u2019nin 2008\u2019de Yunanistan\u2019da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konferansta d\u00f6nemin \u0130srail Savunma Bakan\u0131 Ehud Barak ile tokala\u015fmas\u0131 Irak siyasetinde \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Talabani nihayetinde toplant\u0131ya sadece KYB lideri s\u0131fat\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[xi]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca Ekim 2019\u2019daki kitlesel protestolar\u0131n da \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan sesleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Protestolara atfen 25 Ekim Hareketi ad\u0131nda bir siyasi parti kuran Talal Hariri, partisinin \u0130srail ile kapsaml\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f in\u015fa edilmesi gerekti\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[xii]<\/a><\/p>\nIKB \u0130srail ile resmi diplomatik ili\u015fkilerde bulunmasa da taraflar\u0131n ekonomik ve siyasi ili\u015fkiler, hatta g\u00fcvenlik noktas\u0131nda dahi i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r. \u0130srail 2021\u2019de petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 24\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc IKB\u2019den sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz 2017 K\u00fcrdistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumunu a\u00e7\u0131ktan destekleyen tek \u00fclkeydi.[xiii]<\/a> \u00d6rt\u00fck ili\u015fkilerine verilen tepkilere ra\u011fmen IKB New York merkezli Center for Peace and Communication [Bar\u0131\u015f ve \u0130leti\u015fim Merkezi] adl\u0131 kurulu\u015fun Erbil\u2019de S\u00fcnni ve \u015eii a\u015firet liderleri dahil yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 Irakl\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131[xiv]<\/a> ve \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesine izin verdi. Toplant\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2019de Irakl\u0131 \u015eii politikac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6fkelendirdi ve o tarihten beri Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtler daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde \u0130ran ve destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 siyasi ve milis gruplar\u0131n radar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, petrol zengini K\u00fcrt i\u015f adam\u0131 Baz Kerim \u0130srail\u2019e gizlice petrol satmakla su\u00e7land\u0131.[xv]<\/a> \u0130ran, Kerim\u2019in konutunda bulundu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi \u0130srail-MOSSAD \u00fcss\u00fcne balistik f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu ve bunu birka\u00e7 KDP liderinin Erbil ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki ofis ve i\u015f yerlerini hedef alan bir dizi sald\u0131r\u0131 izledi. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Ordusu (\u0130DMO) IKB\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130ranl\u0131 K\u00fcrt militanlar\u0131 giderek daha \u00e7ok top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla hedef al\u0131r oldu. Normalle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasa \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n IKB\u2019deki balistik f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sadece iki ay sonra g\u00fcndeme geldi.[xvi]<\/a> K\u00fcrtlerin kanun lehindeki oylar\u0131 IKB\u2019nin \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 koroya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Aksine kanun, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulursa, muhtemelen Ba\u011fdat ile Erbil aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumu daha da derinle\u015ftirecek.<\/p>\nSadr\u2019\u0131n normalle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kanununa \u2018evet\u2019 oyu veren K\u00fcrt ve S\u00fcnnilerin ba\u015fka se\u00e7enekleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Yoksa iki grup da ba\u015fta \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u015eiilerin ciddi bask\u0131s\u0131na maruz kalabilece\u011finin fark\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. K\u00fcrtler ve S\u00fcnniler bir savunma mekanizmas\u0131 olarak siyasi konumlar\u0131na zarar gelmesini \u00f6nlemek ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki siyasi geleceklerini kurtarmak amac\u0131yla kanunu destekledi. Fakat b\u00f6lgede \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeye giden \u00fclkeler, \u00f6zellikle de K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi \u00fcyeleri, S\u00fcnniler ve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrtleri ve S\u00fcnnileri destekliyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin Halbusi\u2019nin BAE ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131r de\u011fil. Bu y\u00fczden K\u00fcrtler ve S\u00fcnniler gelecekte Irak ile \u0130srail aras\u0131nda normalle\u015fme ihtimali do\u011farsa s\u00fcrece \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edecekti. Fakat yasama hamlesi t\u00fcm olas\u0131 normalle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerine ket vurdu.<\/p>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131 \u0130ran ekseninde tutma \u00e7abalar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nKanun Sadr taraf\u0131ndan teklif edilmi\u015fse de hamleden gelecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 gruplar i\u00e7in ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00dcstelik \u0130ran \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kayg\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle Irak\u2019\u0131n ve n\u00fcfuz sahibi oldu\u011fu di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6re \u0130srail hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 A\u011fustos 2019\u2019da Irak\u2019taki \u0130ran destekli milis gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. [xvii]<\/a> E\u011fer do\u011fruysa bunlar 1981 Osirak bombalamas\u0131ndan bu yana \u0130srail\u2019in Irak\u2019ta d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ilk sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda Irak siyasetindeki geleneksel \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 da eklenince normalle\u015fme etraf\u0131nda daha gergin bir atmosfer olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\nBu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yazar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u0130slami liderlerinden biri, konunun Irak kamuoyu ve siyasetindeki hassasiyetinden dolay\u0131 t\u00fcm partilerin kanun lehine oy kullanmak zorunda oldu\u011funu ancak zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Sadr\u2019\u0131n \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi gruplar\u0131n lehine olan bu kanunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda dair att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ad\u0131m\u0131n ve S\u00fcnni lider Halbusi ve KDP ile ittifak olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran destekli g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu \u201c\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak\u0131\u201d T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine meyletmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Elbette Sadr ile gergin ili\u015fkileri olan \u0130ran destekli gruplar bu \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasay\u0131 Sadr ile normalle\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak kullanabilir. \u0130ran destekli t\u00fcm grup ve milislerin bu kanundan tam olarak memnun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sert bir dille ve cezalarla bir taslak haz\u0131rlama giri\u015fiminde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak o taslaklar\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilip de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini belirtmek de kritik \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Bu taslaklar\u0131n birka\u00e7\u0131 mevcut kanunun [Kud\u00fcs\u2019e] dini seyahatler \u00fczerinden normalle\u015fmeye izin veren bo\u015fluklar i\u00e7erdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Mesela \u0130ran destekli Ketaib Hizbullah grubu kanunu onaylasa da birka\u00e7 maddesini ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n L\u00fcbnan ve Irak\u2019ta s\u00fcren n\u00fcfuzuna ra\u011fmen iki \u00fclkedeki son se\u00e7imler \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun de\u011fildi. L\u00fcbnan Hizbullah\u0131 ve m\u00fcttefikleri May\u0131s\u2019ta yap\u0131lan son se\u00e7imde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elde edemezken \u0130ran destekli gruplar Ekim 2021 Irak se\u00e7imlerinde tamamen yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131.[xviii]<\/a> Tahran, se\u00e7im sand\u0131klar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu hamleyi desteklemekle \u0130srail konusunda bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgi \u00e7izerek imaj\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve Irak\u2019\u0131n bu k\u00fcmeye dahil edilmesini istemiyor. Nitekim ABD, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve \u0130srail kanunu k\u0131narken Tahran\u2019\u0131n yeni Irak B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Muhammed Kaz\u0131m Al-i Sad\u0131k bu hamleyi \u201ctarihi\u201d olarak niteledi.[xix]<\/a><\/p>\nBu yasama hamlesi Irak\u2019\u0131 BAE, Sudan, Bahreyn ve Fas\u2019\u0131n 2020\u2019de \u0130srail ile diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurdu\u011fu Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir de\u011fer h\u00e2line getiriyor. \u0130brahim G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Irak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Ahmed Molla Talal, \u201cIrak yasalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeyi yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtti.[xx]<\/a> Fakat a\u00e7\u0131klamalara ra\u011fmen \u00fclkede tart\u0131\u015fmalar sona ermedi. ABD, \u0130ran aleyhindeki tutumunda b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini taraf se\u00e7meye zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Irak b\u00f6lgesel diplomasi giri\u015fimleriyle \u0130ran eksenine dahil edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalardan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. May\u0131s 2020\u2019de g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Mustafa Kaz\u0131mi, yo\u011fun bir diplomasi trafi\u011fine girerek T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn dahil kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri ziyaret etti. T\u00fcrkiye 1949\u2019da \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131yan ilk \u00fclkeydi, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla 1980 ve 1994\u2019te Yahudi devletiyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Kaz\u0131mi\u2019nin BAE\u2019nin \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBu BAE\u2019nin karar\u0131 ve buna m\u00fcdahil olmamal\u0131y\u0131z\u201d [xxi]<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ABD ile yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u0130ran\u2019la aras\u0131na mesafe koyma e\u011filimin \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeyi dayatabilece\u011finden korkan \u0130ran destekli gruplar Kaz\u0131mi\u2019yi ele\u015ftirilerinin hedefine koydu.<\/p>\nBu hamleyle Sadr ve \u0130ran destekli gruplar b\u00f6lge devletleri ve ABD\u2019ye gelecekteki Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve liderlerinin \u0130srail konusunda geri atmayaca\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Irak\u2019taki \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kanundan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ran destekli Husi hareketi de Yemen\u2019de benzer bir kanun ge\u00e7irdi.[xxii]<\/a> ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan ve baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerini kapsayacak gezisi \u00f6ncesinde \u0130ran destekli gruplar \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye y\u00f6nelik diplomatik \u00e7abalar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 oymay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u0130ran ile n\u00fckleer m\u00fczakereler ve \u0130srail\u2019in b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle normalle\u015fme giri\u015fimi s\u00fcrerken \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bu kanunla Irak\u2019\u0131 kendi y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde tutmas\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ABD ve Bat\u0131 ile m\u00fczakerelerinde elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir yan hamle olarak okunabilir. \u00dcstelik se\u00e7imlerin galibi Sadr bir anda siyasi hareketinin t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerini Irak parlamentosundan istifa etmeye y\u00f6nlendirdi.[xxiii]<\/a> Sadr\u2019\u0131n parlamento siyasetinden \u00e7ekilmesinin ard\u0131ndan yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olursa \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hissiyat Irak\u2019ta daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanacak.<\/p>\nTarihi travmay\u0131 tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nYahudilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irak\u2019\u0131n politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131nda etkin bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak gerekir. Mesela Irakl\u0131 Yahudi Sasun Eskel, 1932\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce \u00fclkenin kraliyet d\u00f6nemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda be\u015f d\u00f6nem maliye bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca o zamanlar \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Selime Murad gibi isimler de Yahudi\u2019ydi. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Irak\u2019\u0131n kadim Yahudi n\u00fcfusu 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda neredeyse yok oldu ve geriye \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan sadece 4, Irak K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019nda ise birka\u00e7 d\u00fczine insan kald\u0131. \u0130srail\u2019de 200 binden fazla Irak k\u00f6kenli Yahudi ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu n\u00fcfusun ailevi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.[xxiv]<\/a> Son kanun bu insanlar\u0131n ata topraklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerini tamamen kesmenin yan\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta \u0130ran kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme destek\u00e7isi olan bir\u00e7ok akt\u00f6r i\u00e7in de bir cezaland\u0131rma arac\u0131.<\/p>\n\u0130srail, Irak ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130srail D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 May\u0131s 2018\u2019de \u015fimdi 700 binden fazla insan\u0131n takip etti\u011fi \u201cIrak leh\u00e7esinde \u0130srail\u201d adl\u0131 bir Arap\u00e7a Facebook sayfas\u0131 a\u00e7arak dijital diplomasi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.[xxv]<\/a> Ancak \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hissiyat\u0131n tarihi ve siyasi ger\u00e7eklikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Irak Filistin yanl\u0131s\u0131 duru\u015funda her zaman tutarl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Erbil\u2019in \u0130srail ile olan derin ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irebilir. ABD eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc \u0130srail\u2019in ba\u015fkenti ilan etmesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Filistin Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mahmud Abbas Irakl\u0131 mevkida\u015f\u0131 Berhem Salih ile Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta bir araya geldi. \u0130srail\u2019in Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerle olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ili\u015fkilerine ra\u011fmen kendisi de aslen K\u00fcrt olan Salih \u201ckarde\u015f Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f, istikrar ve t\u00fcm me\u015fru haklar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme \u00fcmitlerine ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmesi\u201d[xxvi]<\/a> gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Irak\u2019\u0131n 1 Ekim 2021 genel se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma krizi devam ederken \u0130srail ile ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir kanun yak\u0131n zamanda Irak parlamentosundan ge\u00e7ti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":222,"featured_media":34059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10319],"asf_pub_region":[10321,17588],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/222"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34381"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35344,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381\/revisions\/35344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=34381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6zet: <\/strong><\/span>Irak\u2019\u0131n 1 Ekim 2021 genel se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma krizi devam ederken \u0130srail ile ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir kanun yak\u0131n zamanda Irak parlamentosundan ge\u00e7ti. Kanun ilk bak\u0131\u015fta siyasi \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rtm\u00fc\u015f ve t\u00fcm rakip gruplar\u0131 kanuna destek vermek i\u00e7in bir araya toplam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de asl\u0131nda bu durum hem \u00fclke i\u00e7inde hem de Irak\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki b\u00f6lgesel ili\u015fkilerle yak\u0131ndan ilintilidir. Bu nedenle, bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kanunun arkas\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f saikleri ve Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan partilerinin gelecek politikalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kanun, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz \u0130ran ile Tahran m\u00fcttefiki Irakl\u0131 \u015eii gruplar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkeyi \u0130ran ekseninde tutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak ve \u00f6zellikle Irak K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi (IKB<\/a>), S\u00fcnniler, normalle\u015fme destek\u00e7ileri ve yak\u0131n zamanda \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftiren b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri bu kanundan olumsuz etkilenecek.<\/p>\n Irak Parlamentosu 26 May\u0131s\u2019ta (\u0130srail\u2019e at\u0131fla) \u201cSiyonist olu\u015fum\u201d ile diplomatik, politik, askeri, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesini su\u00e7 sayan bir kanun ge\u00e7irdi.[i]<\/a> Kanun Bat\u0131\u2019da geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 normalle\u015fme kategorisindeki \u00e7o\u011fu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in idam cezas\u0131 istenme ihtimali nedeniyle k\u0131nand\u0131.[ii]<\/a> Kanunun Saddam H\u00fcseyin taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7irilen ve Irak\u2019\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc muhaliflerinden biri yapan 1969 kanununa olduk\u00e7a benzese de Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE) ile Bahreyn\u2019in \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131y\u0131p diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirerek Arap-\u0130srail ili\u015fkileri tarihinde yeni bir rota \u00e7izdi\u011fi 2020\u2019de imzalanan \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019ndan sonra yeni bir kanun ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fdu. Dahas\u0131 kanun tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma s\u00fcrecinin t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Erbil ile Ba\u011fdat aras\u0131ndaki gerilimlerin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bir zamanda haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Parlamento\u2019daki 329 milletvekilinden 275\u2019i pratikte \u0130srail ile herhangi bir normalle\u015fme s\u00fcreci ihtimalini yasaklayan kanun teklifinin lehine oy kulland\u0131. Irak, \u0130srail aleyhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temellendirirken Yahudi Devleti ile normalle\u015fmeyi kategorik olarak reddetti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Kanunu Ekim 2021 se\u00e7imlerini fiilen kazanm\u0131\u015f olan n\u00fcfuzlu \u015eii dini lider Mukteda El-Sadr teklif etmi\u015fse de bu hamleden en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazanc\u0131 \u0130ran ve (Sadr\u2019\u0131n rakipleri olan) \u0130ran destekli Irakl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n elde etmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n Irak\u2019ta normalle\u015fmeyi yasaklayan kanunun saiklerinin uzun bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. Irak, \u0130srail\u2019in 1948\u2019deki kurulu\u015fundan beri resmi olarak \u0130srail\u2019le sava\u015fta. \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen \u00fc\u00e7 Arap askeri operasyonunda yer alan Irak, 1979\u2019da \u0130srail ile M\u0131s\u0131r aras\u0131nda imzalanan bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda etkin bir \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutum benimsedi. Bu nedenle \u0130srail, tavizsiz bir \u015fekilde Saddam H\u00fcseyin rejimini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.[iii]<\/a> Irak\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirece\u011finden korkan \u0130srail 1981\u2019de Saddam\u2019\u0131n in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi Osirak n\u00fckleer tesisini bir hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[iv]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019la olan sava\u015f\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015f olan Irak, 1991\u2019de Hayfa ve Tel Aviv\u2019i bombalamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczinelerce Scud f\u00fczesi g\u00f6ndererek misillemede bulundu.<\/p>\n ABD\u2019nin 2003 Irak<\/a> i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan \u0130srail ile hi\u00e7bir resmi ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen eski yasaklar ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tepkiler gev\u015fetildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Irak pasaportu hamillerinin \u0130srail\u2019e seyahatini engelleyen d\u00fczenleme i\u015fgalden sonra kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.[v]<\/a> \u0130srail ile \u00e7e\u015fitli ki\u015fisel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurulmu\u015fsa da \u0130srail aleyhindeki resmi refleksler pek de\u011fi\u015fmedi. 2004\u2019te \u0130srail\u2019e yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk ziyaretten birka\u00e7 ay sonra Irak \u00dcmmet Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Misal Alusi\u2019nin iki o\u011flu ve korumas\u0131na suikast d\u00fczenlendi. Dahas\u0131, Tel Aviv\u2019de 2008\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen \u201cTer\u00f6rle M\u00fccadele Konferans\u0131na\u201d kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra Irak Parlamentosu Alusi\u2019nin ihanet gerek\u00e7esiyle milletvekili dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Ancak Federal Anayasa Mahkemesi, Alusi\u2019nin lehine karar vererek parlamento karar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etti.[vi]<\/a> Mahkeme karar\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde \u0130srail ile ki\u015fisel ba\u011flant\u0131lar kurman\u0131n veya \u00fclkeyi ziyaret etmenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir yasal engel bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n Fakat Irakl\u0131 \u015eii ve S\u00fcnni 15 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir heyetin Ocak 2019\u2019da Tel Aviv\u2019e bir dizi ziyarette bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra[vii]<\/a> \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkiler hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar Irak siyaset sahnesindeki \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndem maddelerinden biri haline geldi. \u0130ran yanl\u0131s\u0131 baz\u0131 gruplar kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerinin if\u015fa edilerek cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunarak ziyarete tepki verirken Irak Meclis Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Sadr yanl\u0131s\u0131 Hasan Ka\u2019bi ise heyet \u00fcyelerinin, hele de milletvekili iseler, soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etti.[viii]<\/a> Bu arka plan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son kanun, Sadr\u2019\u0131n Sairun meclis grubu taraf\u0131ndan teklif edildi ve Sadr\u2019\u0131n rakipleri \u0130ran destekli \u00e7o\u011fu \u015eii grubu bir araya getiren bir koalisyon olan \u015eii Koordinasyon \u00c7er\u00e7evesi teklife g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc destek sundu. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan ise Sadr\u2019\u0131n S\u00fcnni Arap m\u00fcttefikleri, Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Muhammed Halbusi ve K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi\u2019nin (KDP) de kanun lehine oy kullanmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 gruplar genellikle \u0130srail ile KDP ve baz\u0131 S\u00fcnniler aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler bulundu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyordu. \u00dclkede en hararetli \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tutuma sahip \u0130ran destekli gruplara seslenen radikal \u015eii din adam\u0131 Sadr, en b\u00fcy\u00fck vatansever oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Ayr\u0131ca yasama hamlesiyle siyasi m\u00fcttefiklerine y\u00f6neltilen \u0130srail\u2019le ili\u015fkide olma ele\u015ftirilerini hafifletmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor da olabilir.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 K\u00fcrtler, \u00f6zellikle de KDP, son kanunun lehine oy kullanarak \u0130srail ile aralar\u0131nda mesafe oldu\u011fu alg\u0131s\u0131 yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u0130srail\u2019in ilk Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 David Ben Gurion \u0130ran, T\u00fcrkiye ve Etiyopya gibi Arap olmayan \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerini iyile\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7larken So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u0130srail\u2019i ku\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Arap toplumlar\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketleri destekledi.[ix]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flamda \u0130srail, Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrt hareketini Baas rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 destekledi.[x]<\/a> D\u00f6nemin Irak Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve K\u00fcrdistan Yurtsever Birli\u011fi (KYB) lideri Celal Talabani\u2019nin 2008\u2019de Yunanistan\u2019da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konferansta d\u00f6nemin \u0130srail Savunma Bakan\u0131 Ehud Barak ile tokala\u015fmas\u0131 Irak siyasetinde \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Talabani nihayetinde toplant\u0131ya sadece KYB lideri s\u0131fat\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[xi]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca Ekim 2019\u2019daki kitlesel protestolar\u0131n da \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan sesleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Protestolara atfen 25 Ekim Hareketi ad\u0131nda bir siyasi parti kuran Talal Hariri, partisinin \u0130srail ile kapsaml\u0131 bir bar\u0131\u015f in\u015fa edilmesi gerekti\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[xii]<\/a><\/p>\n IKB \u0130srail ile resmi diplomatik ili\u015fkilerde bulunmasa da taraflar\u0131n ekonomik ve siyasi ili\u015fkiler, hatta g\u00fcvenlik noktas\u0131nda dahi i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r. \u0130srail 2021\u2019de petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 24\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc IKB\u2019den sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz 2017 K\u00fcrdistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k referandumunu a\u00e7\u0131ktan destekleyen tek \u00fclkeydi.[xiii]<\/a> \u00d6rt\u00fck ili\u015fkilerine verilen tepkilere ra\u011fmen IKB New York merkezli Center for Peace and Communication [Bar\u0131\u015f ve \u0130leti\u015fim Merkezi] adl\u0131 kurulu\u015fun Erbil\u2019de S\u00fcnni ve \u015eii a\u015firet liderleri dahil yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 Irakl\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131[xiv]<\/a> ve \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerin normalle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesine izin verdi. Toplant\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2019de Irakl\u0131 \u015eii politikac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6fkelendirdi ve o tarihten beri Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtler daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde \u0130ran ve destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 siyasi ve milis gruplar\u0131n radar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, petrol zengini K\u00fcrt i\u015f adam\u0131 Baz Kerim \u0130srail\u2019e gizlice petrol satmakla su\u00e7land\u0131.[xv]<\/a> \u0130ran, Kerim\u2019in konutunda bulundu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi \u0130srail-MOSSAD \u00fcss\u00fcne balistik f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu ve bunu birka\u00e7 KDP liderinin Erbil ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki ofis ve i\u015f yerlerini hedef alan bir dizi sald\u0131r\u0131 izledi. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ran Devrim Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 Ordusu (\u0130DMO) IKB\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u0130ranl\u0131 K\u00fcrt militanlar\u0131 giderek daha \u00e7ok top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla hedef al\u0131r oldu. Normalle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasa \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n IKB\u2019deki balistik f\u00fcze sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan sadece iki ay sonra g\u00fcndeme geldi.[xvi]<\/a> K\u00fcrtlerin kanun lehindeki oylar\u0131 IKB\u2019nin \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 koroya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Aksine kanun, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulursa, muhtemelen Ba\u011fdat ile Erbil aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumu daha da derinle\u015ftirecek.<\/p>\n Sadr\u2019\u0131n normalle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kanununa \u2018evet\u2019 oyu veren K\u00fcrt ve S\u00fcnnilerin ba\u015fka se\u00e7enekleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Yoksa iki grup da ba\u015fta \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u015eiilerin ciddi bask\u0131s\u0131na maruz kalabilece\u011finin fark\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. K\u00fcrtler ve S\u00fcnniler bir savunma mekanizmas\u0131 olarak siyasi konumlar\u0131na zarar gelmesini \u00f6nlemek ve Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki siyasi geleceklerini kurtarmak amac\u0131yla kanunu destekledi. Fakat b\u00f6lgede \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeye giden \u00fclkeler, \u00f6zellikle de K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi \u00fcyeleri, S\u00fcnniler ve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrtleri ve S\u00fcnnileri destekliyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin Halbusi\u2019nin BAE ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131r de\u011fil. Bu y\u00fczden K\u00fcrtler ve S\u00fcnniler gelecekte Irak ile \u0130srail aras\u0131nda normalle\u015fme ihtimali do\u011farsa s\u00fcrece \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edecekti. Fakat yasama hamlesi t\u00fcm olas\u0131 normalle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerine ket vurdu.<\/p>\n Kanun Sadr taraf\u0131ndan teklif edilmi\u015fse de hamleden gelecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u00e7 \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi Irakl\u0131 gruplar i\u00e7in ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00dcstelik \u0130ran \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kayg\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle Irak\u2019\u0131n ve n\u00fcfuz sahibi oldu\u011fu di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6re \u0130srail hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 A\u011fustos 2019\u2019da Irak\u2019taki \u0130ran destekli milis gruplara kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. [xvii]<\/a> E\u011fer do\u011fruysa bunlar 1981 Osirak bombalamas\u0131ndan bu yana \u0130srail\u2019in Irak\u2019ta d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ilk sald\u0131r\u0131lard\u0131. Bu ba\u011flamda Irak siyasetindeki geleneksel \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 da eklenince normalle\u015fme etraf\u0131nda daha gergin bir atmosfer olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n Bu uzman g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn yazar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Irak\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u0130slami liderlerinden biri, konunun Irak kamuoyu ve siyasetindeki hassasiyetinden dolay\u0131 t\u00fcm partilerin kanun lehine oy kullanmak zorunda oldu\u011funu ancak zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Sadr\u2019\u0131n \u0130ran ile destekledi\u011fi gruplar\u0131n lehine olan bu kanunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda dair att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ad\u0131m\u0131n ve S\u00fcnni lider Halbusi ve KDP ile ittifak olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ran destekli g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bu \u201c\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak\u0131\u201d T\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerine meyletmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Elbette Sadr ile gergin ili\u015fkileri olan \u0130ran destekli gruplar bu \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasay\u0131 Sadr ile normalle\u015fme f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak kullanabilir. \u0130ran destekli t\u00fcm grup ve milislerin bu kanundan tam olarak memnun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daha sert bir dille ve cezalarla bir taslak haz\u0131rlama giri\u015fiminde bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 ancak o taslaklar\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilip de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini belirtmek de kritik \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Bu taslaklar\u0131n birka\u00e7\u0131 mevcut kanunun [Kud\u00fcs\u2019e] dini seyahatler \u00fczerinden normalle\u015fmeye izin veren bo\u015fluklar i\u00e7erdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Mesela \u0130ran destekli Ketaib Hizbullah grubu kanunu onaylasa da birka\u00e7 maddesini ele\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n L\u00fcbnan ve Irak\u2019ta s\u00fcren n\u00fcfuzuna ra\u011fmen iki \u00fclkedeki son se\u00e7imler \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun de\u011fildi. L\u00fcbnan Hizbullah\u0131 ve m\u00fcttefikleri May\u0131s\u2019ta yap\u0131lan son se\u00e7imde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elde edemezken \u0130ran destekli gruplar Ekim 2021 Irak se\u00e7imlerinde tamamen yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131.[xviii]<\/a> Tahran, se\u00e7im sand\u0131klar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu hamleyi desteklemekle \u0130srail konusunda bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgi \u00e7izerek imaj\u0131n\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve Irak\u2019\u0131n bu k\u00fcmeye dahil edilmesini istemiyor. Nitekim ABD, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve \u0130srail kanunu k\u0131narken Tahran\u2019\u0131n yeni Irak B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Muhammed Kaz\u0131m Al-i Sad\u0131k bu hamleyi \u201ctarihi\u201d olarak niteledi.[xix]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu yasama hamlesi Irak\u2019\u0131 BAE, Sudan, Bahreyn ve Fas\u2019\u0131n 2020\u2019de \u0130srail ile diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurdu\u011fu Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir de\u011fer h\u00e2line getiriyor. \u0130brahim G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Irak H\u00fck\u00fcmeti S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Ahmed Molla Talal, \u201cIrak yasalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeyi yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtti.[xx]<\/a> Fakat a\u00e7\u0131klamalara ra\u011fmen \u00fclkede tart\u0131\u015fmalar sona ermedi. ABD, \u0130ran aleyhindeki tutumunda b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerini taraf se\u00e7meye zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Irak b\u00f6lgesel diplomasi giri\u015fimleriyle \u0130ran eksenine dahil edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalardan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. May\u0131s 2020\u2019de g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra Irak Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Mustafa Kaz\u0131mi, yo\u011fun bir diplomasi trafi\u011fine girerek T\u00fcrkiye, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn dahil kom\u015fu \u00fclkeleri ziyaret etti. T\u00fcrkiye 1949\u2019da \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131yan ilk \u00fclkeydi, M\u0131s\u0131r ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla 1980 ve 1994\u2019te Yahudi devletiyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Kaz\u0131mi\u2019nin BAE\u2019nin \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBu BAE\u2019nin karar\u0131 ve buna m\u00fcdahil olmamal\u0131y\u0131z\u201d [xxi]<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ABD ile yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u0130ran\u2019la aras\u0131na mesafe koyma e\u011filimin \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmeyi dayatabilece\u011finden korkan \u0130ran destekli gruplar Kaz\u0131mi\u2019yi ele\u015ftirilerinin hedefine koydu.<\/p>\n Bu hamleyle Sadr ve \u0130ran destekli gruplar b\u00f6lge devletleri ve ABD\u2019ye gelecekteki Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve liderlerinin \u0130srail konusunda geri atmayaca\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Irak\u2019taki \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kanundan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130ran destekli Husi hareketi de Yemen\u2019de benzer bir kanun ge\u00e7irdi.[xxii]<\/a> ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan ve baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerini kapsayacak gezisi \u00f6ncesinde \u0130ran destekli gruplar \u0130brahim Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye y\u00f6nelik diplomatik \u00e7abalar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 oymay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u0130ran ile n\u00fckleer m\u00fczakereler ve \u0130srail\u2019in b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle normalle\u015fme giri\u015fimi s\u00fcrerken \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n bu kanunla Irak\u2019\u0131 kendi y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde tutmas\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n ABD ve Bat\u0131 ile m\u00fczakerelerinde elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir yan hamle olarak okunabilir. \u00dcstelik se\u00e7imlerin galibi Sadr bir anda siyasi hareketinin t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerini Irak parlamentosundan istifa etmeye y\u00f6nlendirdi.[xxiii]<\/a> Sadr\u2019\u0131n parlamento siyasetinden \u00e7ekilmesinin ard\u0131ndan yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u0130ran yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde olursa \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hissiyat Irak\u2019ta daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanacak.<\/p>\n Yahudilerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Irak\u2019\u0131n politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat\u0131nda etkin bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak gerekir. Mesela Irakl\u0131 Yahudi Sasun Eskel, 1932\u2019deki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce \u00fclkenin kraliyet d\u00f6nemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda be\u015f d\u00f6nem maliye bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca o zamanlar \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Selime Murad gibi isimler de Yahudi\u2019ydi. Ba\u011fdat\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Irak\u2019\u0131n kadim Yahudi n\u00fcfusu 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda neredeyse yok oldu ve geriye \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan sadece 4, Irak K\u00fcrdistan\u0131\u2019nda ise birka\u00e7 d\u00fczine insan kald\u0131. \u0130srail\u2019de 200 binden fazla Irak k\u00f6kenli Yahudi ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu n\u00fcfusun ailevi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nla\u015fmay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.[xxiv]<\/a> Son kanun bu insanlar\u0131n ata topraklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerini tamamen kesmenin yan\u0131nda Irak\u2019ta \u0130ran kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fme destek\u00e7isi olan bir\u00e7ok akt\u00f6r i\u00e7in de bir cezaland\u0131rma arac\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130srail, Irak ve di\u011fer b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130srail D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 May\u0131s 2018\u2019de \u015fimdi 700 binden fazla insan\u0131n takip etti\u011fi \u201cIrak leh\u00e7esinde \u0130srail\u201d adl\u0131 bir Arap\u00e7a Facebook sayfas\u0131 a\u00e7arak dijital diplomasi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.[xxv]<\/a> Ancak \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hissiyat\u0131n tarihi ve siyasi ger\u00e7eklikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda Irak Filistin yanl\u0131s\u0131 duru\u015funda her zaman tutarl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Erbil\u2019in \u0130srail ile olan derin ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irebilir. ABD eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc \u0130srail\u2019in ba\u015fkenti ilan etmesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Filistin Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mahmud Abbas Irakl\u0131 mevkida\u015f\u0131 Berhem Salih ile Ba\u011fdat\u2019ta bir araya geldi. \u0130srail\u2019in Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtlerle olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ili\u015fkilerine ra\u011fmen kendisi de aslen K\u00fcrt olan Salih \u201ckarde\u015f Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f, istikrar ve t\u00fcm me\u015fru haklar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme \u00fcmitlerine ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmesi\u201d[xxvi]<\/a> gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div> Irak\u2019\u0131n 1 Ekim 2021 genel se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana aylard\u0131r s\u00fcren h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma krizi devam ederken \u0130srail ile ili\u015fki kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan bir kanun yak\u0131n zamanda Irak parlamentosundan ge\u00e7ti<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":222,"featured_media":34059,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"asf_pub_issue":[10319],"asf_pub_region":[10321,17588],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/222"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34381"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35344,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34381\/revisions\/35344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_issue?post=34381"},{"taxonomy":"asf_pub_region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/asf_pub_region?post=34381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0130srail ile Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 Yasaklayan Irak Yurt \u0130\u00e7i ve Yurt D\u0131\u015f\u0131na Parmak Sall\u0131yor<\/span><\/h2>\n
Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0130\u00e7 politikadaki \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 akt\u00f6rleri alt etmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131 \u0130ran ekseninde tutma \u00e7abalar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
Tarihi travmay\u0131 tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n