{"id":37382,"date":"2023-11-10T16:09:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T13:09:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2023\/11\/10\/turkiye-gazze-krizinde-nerede-duruyor\/"},"modified":"2023-11-10T16:09:46","modified_gmt":"2023-11-10T13:09:46","slug":"turkiye-gazze-krizinde-nerede-duruyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/2023\/11\/10\/turkiye-gazze-krizinde-nerede-duruyor\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye Gazze Krizinde Nerede Duruyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Arap Bahar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’ye, T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda geleneksel olarak ihmal edilen b\u00f6lgedeki baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerinde etkisini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat penceresi sa\u011flad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Arap Bahar\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 tutumu, Ankara ile stat\u00fcko yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, yani Suudi Arabistan, BAE, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Bahreyn’den olu\u015fan Anti-Arap Bahar\u0131 koalisyonu ile aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Bununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye, \u00fclkede meydana gelen k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimlerden kaynaklanan bo\u015fluktan yararlanarak \u00f6zellikle Suriye’de \u00f6nemli bir n\u00fcfuz elde etti. T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zellikle Suriye, Libya ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz’e y\u00f6nelik kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sert g\u00fc\u00e7 unsurlar\u0131, Ankara’n\u0131n, Arap Bahar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve \u0130srail’in dahil edilmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve Donald Trump y\u00f6netimindeki ABD taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen yeni bir b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu. Bu inan\u00e7 ve birtak\u0131m ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rler, \u00f6zellikle Katar ablukas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra Tahran ile T\u00fcrkiye’yi de yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Bununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye, 2020’den itibaren eski b\u00f6lgesel rakipleriyle ili\u015fkilerini normalle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dclkede k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen ekonomik durum, Joe Biden’\u0131n ABD’deki se\u00e7im zaferi ve ard\u0131ndan gelen b\u00f6lgesel jeopolitik yeniden hizalanma gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin hepsi bu durumda rol oynad\u0131. ABD’de Biden y\u00f6netiminin g\u00f6reve gelmesiyle birlikte MENA b\u00f6lgesinde gerilim azald\u0131 ve Ankara, M\u0131s\u0131r, Suudi Arabistan, BAE ve \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczelterek bu \u00fclkelere b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i atad\u0131. ABD’nin \u00c7in’i s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in Asya-Pasifik b\u00f6lgesine y\u00f6nelmesi, s\u00f6z konusu azalan gerilim s\u00fcrecinde ve MENA b\u00f6lgesindeki b\u00f6lgesel yeniden hizalanmada \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Ankara, Suudi Arabistan, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Bahreyn taraf\u0131ndan Doha’ya uygulanan Katar ablukas\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesiyle somutla\u015fan b\u00f6lgesel tansiyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme e\u011filimini takip etti. T\u00fcrkiye bu d\u00f6nemde ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinin hemen \u00f6ncesinde, Suriye rejimi ile de diplomatik kanallar\u0131 aktive etmek i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulundu ancak Suriye rejiminin son derece olumsuz yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle herhangi bir sonu\u00e7 alamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130srail \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gazze krizinin patlak vermesinden \u00f6nce T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130srail ili\u015fkileri, on y\u0131l boyunca devam eden so\u011fuk ikili ili\u015fkilerin ard\u0131ndan taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerine b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i atamas\u0131 ile geli\u015fmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca Ermenistan’a kar\u015f\u0131 Da\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f sava\u015f\u0131nda her iki taraf da Azerbaycan’\u0131 destekleyerek Bak\u00fc’n\u00fcn kaybetti\u011fi topraklar\u0131 geri kazanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, Eyl\u00fcl 2023’te Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler 78. Genel Kurulu\u2019na kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere ABD’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilk kez \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu ile New York’ta bizzat g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

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Ek olarak, Ankara ile Tel Aviv aras\u0131ndaki enerji i\u015f birli\u011fi konusu da masadayd\u0131 ki bu giri\u015fimin mevcut ba\u011flar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi ve \u0130srail-T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerine yeni bir boyut getirmesi bekleniyordu. 1990’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130srail ili\u015fkileri temelde g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yordu. Ancak Gazze kriziyle birlikte ikili ili\u015fkiler k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Krizin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, Gazze’de ya\u015fanan insani trajediye kar\u015f\u0131 dengeli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m izlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Hamas’\u0131n ismini vermeden, \u2018Aksa Tufan\u0131\u2019 operasyonu sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sivil kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Ankara her iki tarafa da gerilimi azaltma, itidal ve ate\u015fkes \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Ankara, mekik diplomasisi yoluyla Kahire zirvesinde Filistin-\u0130srail krizinde \u00e7ok partili garant\u00f6rl\u00fck sistemiyle yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe olanak sa\u011flayacak bir \u00f6neri de ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak bu giri\u015fim b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri taraf\u0131ndan \u015fu ana kadar desteklenmedi.<\/p>\n

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\u0130srail’in Gazzeli sivillere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ok sert, kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a T\u00fcrkiye s\u00f6yleminin tonunu de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Erdo\u011fan, \u0130srail’in bir ‘devlet’ten ziyade bir \u2018\u00f6rg\u00fct’ gibi hareket etti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130srail’in aral\u0131ks\u0131z bombard\u0131man\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye ayr\u0131ca isti\u015farelerde bulunmak \u00fczere Tel Aviv B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isini de Ankara\u2019ya geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130srail taraf\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye’deki B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isini geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Anthony Blinken, krizin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ilk ziyaretten bekledi\u011fini alamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Bu arada T\u00fcrkiye, Hamas’\u0131 ‘ter\u00f6rist’ bir yap\u0131 olarak tan\u0131m\u0131yor. Ankara, Hamas’\u0131 bir ‘kurtulu\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc’ olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve bu minvalde ili\u015fki kuruyor. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye’nin yap\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfuzu yok. Bu nedenle, \u00f6rne\u011fin Hamas\u2019\u0131 rehineleri serbest b\u0131rakmaya zorlamas\u0131 gibi bir durum ya\u015fanamaz. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye hem Hamas’la hem de Ankara’yla iyi ili\u015fkileri olan Katar \u00fczerinden bu y\u00f6ndeki \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

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Ayr\u0131ca, Gazze krizinin tek kutuplu d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin tabutuna \u00e7ak\u0131lan son \u00e7ivi olabilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ankara, Rusya’y\u0131 Tel Aviv \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 kurmaya te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla Rusya’n\u0131n krizde rol\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 olumlu bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r ki Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130srail ile iyi ili\u015fkileri oldu\u011fu bilinen bir durum. Gazze krizinin Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika b\u00f6lgesinde hem Moskova hem de Pekin i\u00e7in f\u0131rsatlar sundu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe yok. Her iki taraf da t\u0131pk\u0131 Ankara gibi Filistin-\u0130srail meselesinde iki devletli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme desteklerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

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Ankara uzun s\u00fcredir Bat\u0131’y\u0131, \u0130srail’in Gazze’ye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ifte standart uygulamakla su\u00e7layarak Rusya’n\u0131n devam eden Ukrayna i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Bat\u0131’n\u0131n tepkisini d\u00fcnyaya hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Her ne kadar geleneksel olarak T\u00fcrk siyasi elitlerinin stratejik e\u011filimi Bat\u0131’ya d\u00f6n\u00fck olsa da Ankara, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tesis edilen k\u00fcresel d\u00fczenin art\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6kmeye yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Ankara’n\u0131n stratejik y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirip de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmadan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, T\u00fcrk siyasi elitleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadelede etkisini ve stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rma f\u0131rsat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye, pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesel akt\u00f6r gibi ABD, \u00c7in ve Rusya aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 rekabetinden kaynaklanan bo\u015fluktan faydalan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ek olarak Ankara\u2019n\u0131n, ya\u015fanan trajediye \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye ile ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczelten Arap \u00fclkelerine ula\u015fmak amac\u0131yla mekik diplomasisini h\u0131zland\u0131rmas\u0131 da muhtemel. Bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi \u00fclkeler M\u0131s\u0131r ve Suudi Arabistan. Genel olarak Ankara’n\u0131n ate\u015fkes, \u0130srail kuvvetlerinin Gazze’den \u00e7ekilmesi ve \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan insani yard\u0131m\u0131n Gazze \u015eeridi’ne girmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ne Hamas ne de \u0130srail \u00fczerinde yeterli n\u00fcfuzunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ankara\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel mekik diplomasisine devam etmesi ve krize yap\u0131sal bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yaratabilecek ‘garant\u00f6rl\u00fck form\u00fcl\u00fc’ ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na olacakt\u0131r. E\u011fer mevcut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kar ve L\u00fcbnan Hizbullah\u0131, Yemen\u2019deki Husiler ve Irak\u2019taki Ha\u015fdi \u015eabi gibi \u0130ran’\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki yap\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesiyle kriz b\u00f6lgesel bir sava\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrse bunun bedelini \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde b\u00fct\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu \u00f6demek zorunda kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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