{"id":37445,"date":"2023-12-06T14:25:43","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T11:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2023\/12\/06\/hamasin-aksa-tufani-operasyonu-israilin-afrika-boynuzundaki-varligini-nasil-etkiledi\/"},"modified":"2023-12-06T14:27:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T11:27:15","slug":"hamasin-aksa-tufani-operasyonu-israilin-afrika-boynuzundaki-varligini-nasil-etkiledi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/2023\/12\/06\/hamasin-aksa-tufani-operasyonu-israilin-afrika-boynuzundaki-varligini-nasil-etkiledi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hamas’\u0131n Aksa Tufan\u0131 Operasyonu \u0130srail\u2019in Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Etkiledi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinin genel duru\u015fu \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden dolay\u0131 Filistin davas\u0131n\u0131 destekleme e\u011filimindedir. En \u00f6nemli nedenlerden biri, Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n 1948’den bu yana maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fgalin, Afrika halklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin uzun s\u00fcreli bir bi\u00e7imi olarak Afrika uluslar\u0131n\u0131n kolektif haf\u0131zas\u0131nda yank\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Afrika’n\u0131n Filistin davas\u0131na verdi\u011fi destek, uluslararas\u0131 ko\u015fullar ve kesi\u015fen \u00e7\u0131karlardan etkilenerek s\u0131kl\u0131kla dalgalan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1973 y\u0131l\u0131, Ekim Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra \u0130srail ile Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki diplomatik ili\u015fkiler \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke sava\u015ftan sonra \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini kesti. Yine de \u0130srail bu ba\u011flar\u0131 yeniden kurma \u00e7abas\u0131nda \u0131srar etti. \u00d6zellikle 1978’de M\u0131s\u0131r ile \u0130srail aras\u0131nda Camp David Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu \u00e7abalar meyvesini verdi. Anla\u015fma, \u0130srail’in Afrika’daki n\u00fcfuzunu geni\u015fletme kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden a\u00e7t\u0131. Dahas\u0131, \u0130srail ile Filistin Ulusal Otoritesi aras\u0131nda 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan Oslo Anla\u015fmalar\u0131, \u0130srail’in Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da geni\u015fletti. Afrika \u00fclkeleri, Filistin meselesinin kilit akt\u00f6rlerinin \u0130srail’le uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettiler ve bu durum tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeye sevk etti.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler ve ABD ile Bat\u0131’n\u0131n Afrika \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda \u0130srail’in Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131na d\u00f6nmesinin kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0131tadaki 54 \u00fclkeden 44 Afrika \u00fclkesi \u0130srail’i tan\u0131yor; 30’dan fazlas\u0131 \u0130srail ile tam diplomatik ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Diplomatik \u0130li\u015fkiler:<\/strong><\/span> \u0130srail, Etiyopya, Eritre, Sudan ve di\u011ferleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki \u00fclkelerle diplomatik ili\u015fkiler kurmu\u015ftur. Bu ili\u015fkiler tar\u0131m, teknoloji, g\u00fcvenlik ve ter\u00f6rle m\u00fccadele gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda i\u015f birli\u011fini de i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi<\/span>:<\/strong> \u0130srail’in b\u00f6lgede, \u00f6zellikle askeri ve istihbarat i\u015f birli\u011fine ili\u015fkin tarihi g\u00fcvenlik taahh\u00fctleri olmu\u015ftur. Buna, \u00f6zellikle Etiyopya ve Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle askeri te\u00e7hizat e\u011fitimi ve tedariki de dahildir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsani \u00c7abalar:<\/strong><\/span> \u0130srail, \u00f6zellikle kurakl\u0131k, k\u0131tl\u0131k ve di\u011fer insani acil durumlar gibi kriz zamanlar\u0131nda, Afrika Boynuzu’nda insani yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Jeopolitik Dinamikler:<\/strong><\/span> B\u00f6lge, Afrika Boynuzu’ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin stratejik ortakl\u0131k aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fen jeopolitik ittifaklara tan\u0131k oldu. \u0130srail’in b\u00f6lgedeki faaliyetleri genellikle \u0130ran, Arap devletleri ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ile ilgili konulardaki tutumu da dahil olmak \u00fczere daha geni\u015f jeopolitik hedeflerinden etkileniyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130srail, Afrika uluslar\u0131n\u0131n kendisini tan\u0131mas\u0131ndan ve bu uluslar\u0131n kayda de\u011fer \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k olmalar\u0131ndan yararlanarak, n\u00fcfusun be\u015fte birinin kronik a\u00e7l\u0131k ve g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan muzdarip oldu\u011fu Afrika’da ciddi ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan alanlar olan g\u00fcvenlik, askeri ve tar\u0131m gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki ili\u015fkilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, \u0130srail hen\u00fcz Afrika \u00fclkelerinin iyi niyetini istedi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kazanamad\u0131. \u0130srail’in k\u0131tadaki yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ve ilgili kurumlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan kararl\u0131 bir blok var. Bu muhalefet, \u0130srail’in 2022’de Afrika Birli\u011fi’nde g\u00f6zlemci stat\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadeleyi kaybetmesi ve G\u00fcney Afrika ile Cezayir liderli\u011findeki koalisyonun \u00f6nemli bir diplomatik zafer kazanmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu Afrika \u00fclkesi, \u0130srail’in 2022 Afrika Birli\u011fi zirvesinde sundu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemci stat\u00fcs\u00fc teklifini reddetti.<\/p>\n

\u0130srail’in Afrika’daki geni\u015flemesi Arap \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na meydan okuyor ve Tel Aviv a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hedeflere ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedefliyor:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve uluslararas\u0131 forumlarda Tel Aviv\u2019i destekleyen uluslar\u0131n \u00e7emberinin geni\u015fletilmesi.<\/li>\n
  • Afrika’n\u0131n do\u011fal ve ekonomik kaynaklar\u0131ndan faydalanmak.<\/li>\n
  • Siyasi ve g\u00fcvenlik n\u00fcfuzunu k\u0131ta \u00e7ap\u0131nda geni\u015fletmek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Resmi Tepki:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Afrika \u00fclkeleri Hamas’\u0131n \u2018Aksa Tufan\u0131 Operasyonu’na\u2019, G\u00fcney Afrika’da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi direni\u015fe tam destek ile Togo’nun tutumunda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u0130srail’in yan\u0131nda yer alma aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen tutumlarla farkl\u0131 tepkiler verdi. \u0130srail\u2019in Gazze\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fck operasyonlar\u0131 s\u00fcresince baz\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkeleri Filistin halk\u0131na desteklerini ifade etmeye istekliyken, di\u011ferleri \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirdi.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Bu ba\u011flamda Afrika Birli\u011fi Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Moussa Faki Mahamat, Afrika \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda h\u00e2kim olan hissiyat\u0131 dikkate alan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, egemen bir Filistin devleti kurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesinin, \u0130srail-Filistin geriliminin devam etmesinin temel nedeni oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Bu duru\u015fa ra\u011fmen Afrika, \u0130srail’e kar\u015f\u0131 diplomatik ili\u015fkileri kesmek, hatta diplomatik ili\u015fkilerinin seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek gibi gerilimi t\u0131rmand\u0131racak herhangi bir eylemde bulunmay\u0131 reddediyor. Bu karar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenler \u015funlar:<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    • Afrika Birli\u011fi’nin di\u011fer uluslar\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmama ilkesine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/li>\n
    • Afrika Birli\u011fi’nin kraldan daha kralc\u0131 olma konusundaki isteksizli\u011fi (Araplar\u0131n \u0130srail ile normalle\u015fmesine i\u015faret eden bir durum.)<\/li>\n
    • Afrika Birli\u011fi’nin \u0130srail’le \u00f6zellikle ekonomik ve askeri alanda ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Hamas’\u0131n Ekim 2023’te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi operasyon, Afrika’da halklar\u0131n yo\u011fun tepkilerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve bahse konu halklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Filistin direni\u015fine desteklerini ifade etti. Bu destek, sokaklardaki kitlesel g\u00f6sterilerden, camilerdeki vaazlara, \u00fcniversitelerdeki tart\u0131\u015fmalara, medyadaki makale ve tart\u0131\u015fmalara kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde kendini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

      K\u0131tan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki medya, \u0130srail’in Filistin halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r ihlaller konusunda Afrika kamuoyunun ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunarak Filistinlilere verilen halk deste\u011fini art\u0131rd\u0131. Buna ek olarak, Bat\u0131’n\u0131n \u0130srail’e y\u00f6nelik olumlu \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 ve ABD ile Bat\u0131l\u0131 uluslar\u0131n \u0130srail’e sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi, mali ve askeri destek, Afrika’n\u0131n \u0130srail i\u015fgalini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde reddetmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \u00dcstelik ba\u015fka nedenler de Bat\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde Filistinlilere y\u00f6nelik halk deste\u011finin k\u0131tan\u0131n g\u00fcneyi ve do\u011fusuna k\u0131yasla daha g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. \u015eu anda \u0130srail, Aksa Tufan\u0131 Operasyonu’ndan kaynaklanan, artan g\u00fcvenlik riskleri, ithalat maliyetleri ve jeopolitik bask\u0131lar \u015feklinde yeni bir y\u00fcksek maliyetle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Somali’deki El \u015eebab isimli \u00f6rg\u00fctten bir grubun, \u0130srailli Ofer ailesine ait “Central Park” kimyasal tankerini ka\u00e7\u0131rma giri\u015fiminde bulundu\u011fu ancak ABD’nin engelledi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu olay, Husilerin ge\u00e7en cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc bir gemiyi hedef almas\u0131 ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz’in g\u00fcneyinde \u0130srail’e ba\u011fl\u0131 bir kargo gemisini ele ge\u00e7irmesinden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

      Buna g\u00f6re \u0130srail, Bab\u00fclmendep Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019nda \u015fu \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

      Ekonomik g\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong><\/span> Orta Do\u011fu’dan yap\u0131lan petrol ihracat\u0131n\u0131n %40’\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, k\u00fcresel ticaretin yakla\u015f\u0131k %10’u Bab\u00fclmendep Bo\u011faz\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7mektedir. Bo\u011fazlar aras\u0131 ticarette herhangi bir aksama \u0130srail ekonomisini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Stratejik G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong><\/span> Bab\u00fclmendep Bo\u011faz\u0131, Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131ndaki ticaret ve ula\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in hayati bir koridordur. Bo\u011faz’\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesi \u0130srail’in g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ve k\u00fcresel pazarlara eri\u015fim kabiliyetine tehdit olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u0130srail, bu tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 korunmak i\u00e7in Bab\u00fclmendep b\u00f6lgesindeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. \u0130srail, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r’la \u015earm El-\u015eeyh liman\u0131ndaki M\u0131s\u0131r askeri \u00fcss\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmas\u0131na izin veren bir deniz anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. \u0130srail, Bab\u00fclmendep b\u00f6lgesindeki g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Somali ve Cibuti gibi b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer \u00fclkelerle de ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Ancak son d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler \u0130srail’in Gazze politikas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Gazzeli sivillere y\u00f6nelik katliamlar\u0131 nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00fclkeyle d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerinin dalgalanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Bab\u00fclmendep Bo\u011faz\u0131, Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131ndaki ticaret ve ula\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in hayati bir koridor oldu\u011fundan \u0130srail i\u00e7in stratejik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bo\u011faz’\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesi \u0130srail’in g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ve k\u00fcresel pazarlara eri\u015fim kabiliyetine tehdit olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

      Genel olarak ticari gemilere yap\u0131lacak bir sald\u0131r\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik gerilimlerini art\u0131rabilir. Bu durum, \u0130srail ile Husiler ve Afrika Boynuzu \u00fclkelerinde bulunan baz\u0131 silahl\u0131 gruplar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n t\u0131rmanmas\u0131na ve \u0130srail’e y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0131rmanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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