{"id":37508,"date":"2024-01-05T17:11:30","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T14:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2024\/01\/05\/israil-uluslararasi-adalet-divanina-uad-dogru\/"},"modified":"2024-01-05T17:11:31","modified_gmt":"2024-01-05T14:11:31","slug":"israil-uluslararasi-adalet-divanina-uad-dogru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/2024\/01\/05\/israil-uluslararasi-adalet-divanina-uad-dogru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130srail, Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131’na (UAD) Do\u011fru"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Bu metin \u0130ngilizce orijinal versiyonundan terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.) <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n \u0130srail aleyhine Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131’nda (UAD) a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava<\/a>, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve siyaset a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fmedir. 29 Aral\u0131k 2023’te G\u00fcney Afrika, \u0130srail’i, 7 Ekim 2023\u2019te ba\u015flayan sava\u015fa yan\u0131t olarak Gazze’de soyk\u0131r\u0131m yapmakla su\u00e7layarak UAD’de dava a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu hamle, \u00f6zellikle Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in (BM) Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’nin ihlal edildi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle, \u0130srail’i Gazze’deki eylemlerinden dolay\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re sorumlu tutma giri\u015fimi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n hamlesi, \u0130srail’in 7 Ekim’den bu yana Gazze \u015eeridi’nde devam eden sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda \u00e7o\u011fu kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere 22.000’den<\/a> fazla Filistinlinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin akabinde geldi. G\u00fcney Afrika taraf\u0131ndan Tel Aviv\u2019in Gazze\u2019de yapt\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle asl\u0131nda \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 son d\u00f6nemde gerilimi t\u0131rmand\u0131ran bir\u00e7ok ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlardan sonuncusu, Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi’nin, \u0130srail’in mahkemenin \u00fcyesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine ve Tel Aviv\u2019in mahkemenin yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n bilgisine ra\u011fmen, \u0130srail liderlerini Gazze \u015eeridi’nde sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m i\u015fleme su\u00e7lamalar\u0131yla soru\u015fturmak \u00fczere m\u00fcdahale etmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki talebiydi.<\/p>\n

Bu ad\u0131m\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015fka ad\u0131mlar da geldi: G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cyril Ramaphosa \u0130srail’i, iki devletli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ili\u015fkin uluslararas\u0131 kararlar\u0131 uygulamamas\u0131 nedeniyle gerilimin t\u0131rmanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu tutuyor. Dahas\u0131, Filistin halk\u0131yla dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir i\u015fareti olarak “Filistin kefiyesi” takt\u0131 ve \u00fclkesinin, sava\u015f\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131na ve Gazze\u2019ye insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131n giri\u015fine izin verecek insani bir ate\u015fkes sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla Hamas ile \u0130srail aras\u0131nda arabuluculuk yapmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava, \u0130srailli yetkililerin G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n “soyk\u0131r\u0131m niyeti” olarak yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli su\u00e7lamalara dayan\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin dava dosyas\u0131, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu’nun Filistinlileri, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131na yok etmelerini emretti\u011fi \u0130ncil’deki bir millete benzetmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Gazze’deki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n derinle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na da yer veriyor. \u0130srail\u2019in ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen bombard\u0131man\u0131 ve G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n Gazze’yi k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temel malzemelerin ablukas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u0130srail ordusunun operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 da belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fvuru, Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131’ndan Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131ndaki haklar\u0131na daha fazla zarar gelmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici \u00f6nlemler almas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor. Bu dava, ulus devletlerin, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya do\u011frudan kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda di\u011fer \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lamas\u0131nda bulunabilecekleri emsalini takip ediyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak \u0130srail, askeri \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca ‘Hamas’a ve di\u011fer ‘ter\u00f6rist’ \u00f6rg\u00fctlere y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu ve olaylara kar\u0131\u015fmayan sivillere verilecek zarar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve Gazze’ye insani yard\u0131m\u0131n giri\u015fine izin vermek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde \u0131srar ederek bu iddialar\u0131 kesin bir \u015fekilde reddetti. \u0130srail h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davay\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 hukuka ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u0130srail Devleti’nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak nitelendirdi.<\/p>\n

Dava k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve farkl\u0131 tepkiler ald\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Beyaz Saray, G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n \u0130srail’e y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n\u0131 ‘haks\u0131z’ bularak reddetti ve mahkeme dosyas\u0131n\u0131 “amaca ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve ger\u00e7eklere dayanmayan” bir dosya olarak nitelendirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ise, G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nin, Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131’nda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davay\u0131 memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve destekledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in ba\u015fl\u0131ca yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 olan UAD, \u00f6nemli bir n\u00fcfuza sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 davalarda verdi\u011fi yarg\u0131lar hi\u00e7bir ciddi sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmadan g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu davan\u0131n duru\u015fmas\u0131 11-12 Ocak 2024 i\u00e7in planland\u0131 ve bu durum uluslararas\u0131 hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m oldu.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu dava sadece soyk\u0131r\u0131m iddialar\u0131yla ilgili de\u011fil; uluslararas\u0131 hukukun karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, UAD kararlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamadaki zorluklar\u0131 ve \u0130srail-Filistin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n jeopoliti\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Uluslararas\u0131 mahkemelerin ciddi uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ihlalleri iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ele almadaki rol\u00fcn\u00fcn ve siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlarla adalet ve insan haklar\u0131 taleplerinin dengelenmesindeki zorluklar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor.<\/p>\n

Davan\u0131n G\u00fcney Afrika’daki Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Dairesi (DIRCO) taraf\u0131ndan takip edildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k. G\u00fcney Afrika Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Dairesi s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Clayson Monyela, avukatlar\u0131n\u0131n 11-12 Ocak 2024 tarihli duru\u015fmaya haz\u0131rland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Ancak bu avukatlar\u0131n spesifik kimlikleri ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri belirtilmedi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0130srail taraf\u0131nda ise su\u00e7lamalara kar\u015f\u0131 sert bir tav\u0131r sergilendi. \u0130srail s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Eylon Levy, \u0130srail’in G\u00fcney Afrika’n\u0131n iddialar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 UAD\u2019de kendisini savunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Konuya ili\u015fkin \u0130srailli \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkililer ile Ba\u015fbakan Binyamin Netanyahu aras\u0131nda yo\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildiriliyor. Haaretz<\/a> gazetesi, \u0130srail ordusunun ve Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u0130srail’in UAD’de savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Yine, olaya dahil olan avukatlara dair bilgiler hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131, \u0130srail’in, Gazze’deki soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lamalar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren, G\u00fcney Afrika taraf\u0131ndan kendisine y\u00f6neltilen su\u00e7lamalardan su\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131rsa, bir\u00e7ok potansiyel sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131’n\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan uygulama yetkisine sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmek gerekir. Bu nedenle, yerel mahkeme kararlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak, do\u011frudan cezai tedbirlerle sonu\u00e7lanmazlar.<\/p>\n

UAD Karar\u0131 Sonras\u0131 Olas\u0131 Etkiler:<\/strong><\/p>\n