{"id":38635,"date":"2026-01-22T17:04:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T14:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/2026\/01\/22\/18-ocak-mutabakati-ve-suriyede-yeni-donemin-kodlari\/"},"modified":"2026-01-22T17:04:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T14:04:40","slug":"18-ocak-mutabakati-ve-suriyede-yeni-donemin-kodlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.sharqforum.org\/tr\/2026\/01\/22\/18-ocak-mutabakati-ve-suriyede-yeni-donemin-kodlari\/","title":{"rendered":"18 Ocak Mutabakat\u0131 ve Suriye\u2019de Yeni D\u00f6nemin Kodlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

6 Ocak\u2019ta Halep\u2019in K\u00fcrt yo\u011funluklu mahallelerinde ba\u015flay\u0131p sonras\u0131nda da F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusuna s\u0131\u00e7rayan ve adeta Suriye\u2019de Esed rejiminin devrildi\u011fi 11 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u2018Sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cayd\u0131rma Operasyonu\u2019 adl\u0131 askeri operasyonun ivmesini and\u0131ran \u015eam g\u00fc\u00e7leri-SDG aras\u0131ndaki aral\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm d\u00f6nemine do\u011fru gidiyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. SDG\u2019nin \u015eam\u2019la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 Mart mutabakat\u0131n\u0131 uygulama noktas\u0131nda maksimalist davranmas\u0131, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgilerini esnetmede direngenlik sergilemesi ve b\u00f6lgesel siyasi konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla uzun erimli stratejik bir karar almay\u0131p k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na odaklanmas\u0131 bir askeri operasyonla neticelendi. Yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde entegrasyona s\u0131cak bakanlar ile Kandil\u2019in g\u00f6lgesinde hareket ederek ideolojik k\u00f6rl\u00fckten ne\u015fet eden bir maksimalizmde diretenler aras\u0131ndaki ikili\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulamamas\u0131 sonu\u00e7 olarak SDG\u2019ye ciddi bir kay\u0131p ya\u015fatt\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Arap a\u015firetlerinin devreye girip saf de\u011fi\u015ftirmesiyle beraber F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Arap yo\u011funluklu Rakka ve Deyrizor vilayetleri \u015eam\u2019\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. SDG de bu b\u00f6lgelerden \u00e7ekilirken ciddi bir direni\u015f ortaya koymad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Arap a\u015firetlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fctlesinin SDG\u2019den kopmas\u0131yla beraber SDG temelde asli formuna yani 2013-2014\u2019teki YPG\u2019ye r\u00fccu etmi\u015f vaziyette. Son olarak uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r SDG\u2019nin m\u00fcttefiki olan \u015eammar a\u015firetine ba\u011fl\u0131 Senadid g\u00fc\u00e7leri de \u015eam\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve Yarubiye s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

18 Ocak\u2019ta Suriye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmed el-\u015eara ve SDG Komutan\u0131 Mazlum Abdi aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan 14 maddelik ate\u015fkes ve entegrasyon uzla\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Arap yo\u011funluklu b\u00f6lgelerin \u015eam\u2019\u0131n askeri ve idari kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n, barajlar\u0131n, petrol ve do\u011falgaz sahalar\u0131n\u0131n, merkezi y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7mesi, SDG\u2019nin orduya bireysel olarak ve \u015eam\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik soru\u015fturmas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tikten sonra kat\u0131lmas\u0131,\u00a0 Suriyeli olmayan PKK mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, Kuzeydo\u011fu Suriye\u2019deki sab\u0131k Esed rejimi art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine gidilmesi, Haseke gibi demografik dengelerin daha hassas oldu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lgeye \u00f6zel stat\u00fc tahsis edilmesi ve K\u00fcrt yo\u011funluklu \u015fehirler i\u00e7in de yerel polis g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin kurulmas\u0131 gibi m\u00fchim noktalar \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat ertesi g\u00fcn \u015eam\u2019a gidip \u015eara ile uzla\u015f\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen Abdi, nihai bir anla\u015fma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n toplant\u0131dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Bu durum da Kuzeydo\u011fu Suriye\u2019deki gerginli\u011fi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine zirveye t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131. SDG kontrol\u00fcndeki alanlarda genel seferberlik ilan edildi. Buna ek olarak SDG d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki K\u00fcrtlere s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015farak Kuzeydo\u011fu Suriye\u2019ye gelme ve K\u00fcrt yo\u011funluklu b\u00f6lgelerde direni\u015fe kat\u0131lma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. Kandil\u2019deki PKK liderleri de videolar yay\u0131mlayarak halka direni\u015f tavsiyesinde bulundular. Hatta PKK\u2019n\u0131n ana askeri lideri Murat Karay\u0131lan SDG\u2019ye t\u00fcnelleri kullanmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek taktik bile verdi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te sosyal medyaya yans\u0131yan iki tarafl\u0131 kanl\u0131 videolar nedeniyle durumun \u015eam-SDG \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan Araplar ve K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda bir etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6nme riski de belirdi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de DEM Parti Mardin\u2019in Nusaybin il\u00e7esinde Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n hemen kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131nda da T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n indirildi\u011fi bir provokasyon da ya\u015fand\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

20 Ocak ak\u015fam\u0131 ise Suriye Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama ile yeni bir ate\u015fkes duyurdu. Fakat bu ate\u015fkes krizi tam anlam\u0131yla s\u00f6n\u00fcmlendiremedi. Bu yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131rken, SDG ve \u015eam\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar devam ediyordu. Bahse konu yeni ate\u015fkes uzla\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ile beraber SDG\u2019ye anla\u015fmay\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ve detayl\u0131 bir entegrasyon plan\u0131 sunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 4 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir ek s\u00fcre verildi. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015eam, anla\u015fma uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde Haseke ve Kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u015fehir merkezlerine girilmeyece\u011fini ve buralarda Suriye ordusunun bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct etti. Dahas\u0131, anla\u015fma ile beraber Abdi\u2019nin Suriye Savunma Bakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Haseke Valili\u011fi i\u00e7in adaylar sunmas\u0131, yine Suriye parlamentosu ve devlet kurumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de isim listeleri olu\u015fturmas\u0131 istendi.\u00a0 Vali pozisyonu konusunda \u015funu belirtmekte fayda var: Esed rejimini deviren askeri \u00f6rg\u00fct liderlerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 8 Aral\u0131k 2024 sonras\u0131nda Suriye\u2019nin farkl\u0131 vilayetlerine vali olarak atand\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nerinin \u00e7ok da garipsenmemesi gerekiyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

13 Say\u0131l\u0131 Suriye Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kararnamesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmed el-\u015eara\u2019n\u0131n 16 Ocak\u2019ta imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 8 madde ihtiva eden 13 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi de tarihi \u00f6nemi haiz bir belge. Her ne kadar belgenin hen\u00fcz anayasal kazan\u0131m say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 ortada olsa da-ki Suriye\u2019de hen\u00fcz bir anayasa yok, sadece bir anayasal bildiri mevcut-Arapl\u0131kla ifade edilen Suriyeli kimli\u011finin tan\u0131m\u0131 biraz geni\u015fletildi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Suriyeli K\u00fcrtler \u00fclkenin asli bir unsuru kabul ediliyor, Suriye ulusal kimli\u011finin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olduklar\u0131 ifade ediliyor, ulusal egemenlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde K\u00fcrt\u00e7e ulusal bir dil olarak kabul edilip dilin geli\u015ftirilmesi devlet g\u00fcvencesi alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yor. \u015eam K\u00fcrtlerin yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin devlet ve \u00f6zel okullarda \u00f6\u011fretilmesini de kabul ediyor. Nevruz da ulusal bayram ilan ediliyor. Buna ilaveten 1962 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 kararlar iptal ediliyor ve kimli\u011fi olmayan\/vatanda\u015f olmayan Suriyeli K\u00fcrtler \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015f\u0131 ilan ediliyor. Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz epey ileri ad\u0131mlar bunlar. K\u0131sacas\u0131 16 Ocak\u2019taki kararname ve 18 Ocak mutabakat\u0131 ile Suriyeli K\u00fcrtlerin dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 devlet g\u00fcvencesine al\u0131n\u0131yor ve belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde idari g\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Suriye\u2019de \u015eam y\u00f6netiminin her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011fi, ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn Bat\u0131 ba\u015fkentlerinin yeni \u015eam y\u00f6netimini destekledi\u011fi, Ahmed el-\u015eara\u2019n\u0131n Beyaz Saray, Kremlin ve Elize Saray\u0131 gibi k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezlerinde en d\u00fczey protokolle a\u011f\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fclke \u00fczerindeki bel k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Sezar yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vasatta SDG\u2019nin uzat\u0131lan s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde \u015eam\u2019\u0131n entegrasyon teklifini kabul etmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fans\u0131 yok.\u00a0 ABD\u2019nin Suriye \u00d6zel Temsilcisi Tom Barrack\u2019\u0131n SDG konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 son a\u00e7\u0131klama ABD\u2019nin yap\u0131 ile d\u00f6nemsel, taktiksel ve I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele bazl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik dosyas\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 bir ili\u015fki kurdu\u011funu, I\u015e\u0130D ile m\u00fccadele dosyas\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kurulan Uluslararas\u0131 Koalisyona resmi olarak kat\u0131lan \u015eam\u2019a tevdi edilece\u011fini tekrar g\u00f6sterdi. Barrack’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, neredeyse SDG ve PYD liderli\u011findeki \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim\u2019in feshedilmesi ile e\u015fde\u011fer. Bu realiteyi stratejik k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle g\u00f6remeyen SDG\u2019nin normal bir m\u00fczakere masas\u0131nda alabilece\u011finden daha az\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri ve toprak kayb\u0131 neticesinde kabul etmek durumunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r. Yeni d\u00f6nemin temel kodlar\u0131nda ba\u015fta Suriye olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lge sath\u0131nda devlet-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin geriletilmek istendi\u011fi ve merkezi ba\u015fkentlerin baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hem b\u00f6lgesel hem de uluslararas\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerce desteklenmesi yat\u0131yor. L\u00fcbnan\u2019dan Suriye ve Irak\u2019a, Sudan\u2019dan Yemen\u2019e kadar baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devlet-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin momentum kaybetmesi, geriletilmesi ve merkezi ba\u015fkentlerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ana kal\u0131p ya da arzu olmu\u015f vaziyette.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu durumun g\u00f6r\u00fclemedi\u011fi ve merkez ile entegrasyon bazl\u0131 anlaml\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin kurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ler hezimetle nihayetleniyor. Kuzeydo\u011fu Suriye\u2019de olanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de PKK ile y\u00fcr\u00fcyen s\u00fcrecin rotas\u0131na da etkide bulunaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k bir durum. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de PKK ile y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcreci \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda PKK\u2019n\u0131n Suriye\u2019de bir devlet(\u00e7ik) kurma ihtimali ve Ankara\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcyen s\u00fcreci buna feda etmesi nedeniyle bitmi\u015fti. Bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcre\u00e7 ayn\u0131 tehdit ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. SDG, \u015eam\u2019\u0131n kendisine verdi\u011fi 4 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcreyi iyi de\u011ferlendirir, entegrasyona evet der ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 olumlu \u015fekilde hitama ererse, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de PKK sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi daha kolay hale gelecektir. SDG\u2019nin entegrasyona direnmesi ve faydas\u0131z bir direni\u015f hikayesine giri\u015fmesi ise hem Suriyeli K\u00fcrtleri adeta ate\u015fe atmak hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcrecine ciddi bir darbe vurmak manas\u0131na gelecektir. Art\u0131k yerel akt\u00f6rlerle uzun erimli stratejik ba\u011flar kurma zaman\u0131. SDG askeri operasyona u\u011frarken en yak\u0131n d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcttefiklerinden bile homurdanma seslerinin y\u00fckselmemesinden ve yap\u0131 taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n protesto amac\u0131yla Suriye\u2019de Uluslararas\u0131 Koalisyon\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fcslerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tekmelemesinden herkesin pay\u0131na bir ders d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Son olarak b\u00f6ylesi hassas bir d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrk ve Arap medyalar\u0131nda zafer naralar\u0131 atarak adeta \u015foven bir dil kullananlar hem T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye\u2019deki K\u00fcrtleri rencide ediyor hem entegrasyon kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 fig\u00fcrlerin tezlerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip Suriye\u2019de entegrasyonu zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcrecine zarar veriyor.\u00a0 Halbuki T\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye\u2019de K\u00fcrtleri yenilmi\u015flik psikolojisine sokmak yerine, entegrasyonun iki tarafa olacak faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak herkesin hayr\u0131na olur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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