Abstract: The U.S. withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), or Iranian nuclear deal, and the re-imposition of sanctions on Iran in the coming months will complicate Iranian–Chinese economic and geopolitical interactions. In terms of economics, the export of Iranian oil to China will continue in the medium term. In addition, since small and medium-sized companies account for a major part of Chinese exports to Iran, the re-imposition of sanctions will not have transformative effects on their trade with Iran. However, financial trading between the two countries and major Chinese investments in Iran will probably come under increasing pressure.