Abstract: India’s relations with Iran have been long fraught with complexity due to the geostrategic advantages of the relationship being counterbalanced by very different perspectives on external actors such as the United States, Pakistan, China and Saudi Arabia. Moreover, changing structural realities in world politics – the Cold War, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s and the shifting sands of political relations post 9/11 – have further influenced the development of these relations. This article casts a critical look at the relationship between the two countries, tracing it through modern history, documenting the most important tenets of the relationship and taking a look at the roles of influential third parties. Finally, it aims to chart out a brief plan of action for further ties and an assessment of how things are likely to turn out in the near future.